Samenvatting
This study explores the novel approach of interface-crystallization-induced compatibilization (ICIC) via stereocomplexation as a promising method to improve the interfacial strength in thermodynamically immiscible polymers. Herein, two distinct reactive interfacial compatibilizers, poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(l-lactic acid) (SAL) and poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(d-lactic acid) (SAD) are synthesized via reactive melt blending in an integrated grafting and blending process. This approach is demonstrated to enhance the interfacial strength of immiscible polyvinylidene fluoride/poly l-lactic acid (PVDF/PLLA) 50/50 blends via ICIC. IR nanoimaging indicates a cocontinuous morphology in the blends. The blend compatibilized with SAD exhibits a higher storage modulus, as unveiled by small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) in the melt state at a temperature below the melting temperature of the stereocomplex (SC) crystals and by DMTA measurements in the solid state. This increase is attributed to the formation of a 200-300 nm thick rigid interfacial SC crystalline layer that is directly visible using AFM imaging and chemically characterized via IR nanospectroscopy. This ICIC also results in a significant toughening of the blend, with the elongation at break increasing more than 20-fold. Moreover, the fracture toughness factor obtained from single edge-notch bending (SENB) tests is doubled with ICIC as compared to the uncompatibilized blend, indicating the strong crack-resistance capability as a result of ICIC. This improvement is also evident in SEM images, where thinner and longer fibrillation is observed on the fractured surface in the presence of ICIC.
Originele taal-2 | Engels |
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Pagina's (van-tot) | 59174-59187 |
Aantal pagina's | 14 |
Tijdschrift | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces |
Volume | 16 |
Nummer van het tijdschrift | 43 |
DOI's | |
Status | Gepubliceerd - 30 okt. 2024 |
Bibliografische nota
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Financiering
Hamid Ahmadi thanks the Dutch government for Sector plan funding to support this research. WAXD single-shot experiments were conducted at the BL11 NCD-SWEET beamline at ALBA Synchrotron, Barcelona, Spain. FTIR, AFM, and IR s-SNOM experiments were carried out on the IRIS beamline, BESSY II synchrotron at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany (HZB proposal 232-12323-ST). We extend our appreciation to all staff members at ALBA and HZB-BESSY for their assistance in utilizing the beamlines. We thank TotalEnergies Corbion (Gorinchem, The Netherlands) and Fine-blend Polymer Co, Ltd. (Shanghai, China) for providing materials for our research. We express our gratitude to Pauline Schmit (TU/e) for her support in microtoming the samples, Lucien Cleven (TU/e) for his technical support, and Marc van Maris (TU/e) for his assistance with SEM and AFM imaging. In addition, we would like to thank Benjamin Me\u0301tro (TU/e) for his help with the SENB tests, Jelle De Ceulaer (KU Leuven) for performing the NMR tests, and dr.ir. Stan F. S. P. Looijmans (TU/e) for his assistance with AFM, s-SNOM, and WAXD measurements.