Template-free nanostructured fluorine-doped tin oxide scaffolds for photoelectrochemical water splitting

The synthesis and characterization of highly stable and conductive F:SnO ₂ (FTO) nanopyramid arrays are investigated, and their use as scaffolds for water splitting is demonstrated. Current densities during the oxygen evolution reaction with a NiFeO _x catalyst at 2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode were increased 5-fold when substituting commercial FTO (TEC 15) by nanostructured FTO scaffolds. In addition, thin α-Fe ₂O ₃ films (∼50 nm thick) were employed as a proof of concept to show the effect of our nanostructured scaffolds during photoelectrochemical water splitting. Double-layer capacitance measurements showed a drastic increase of the relative electrochemically active surface area for the nanostructured samples, in agreement with the observed photocurrent enhancement, whereas UV-vis spectroscopy indicates full absorption of visible light at wavelengths below 600 nm.