Stochastic Modeling of Multienergy Carriers Dependencies in Smart Local Networks With Distributed Energy Resources

In a multienergy system, there are different types of dependencies among the energy carriers. Internal dependencies refer to possible changes in the energy source in the presence of energy converters and storage, and are managed by the system operator through the control strategies applied to the equipment. External dependencies (EDs) are due to the choice of the energy supply according to customer preferences when alternative solutions are available. This paper introduces a new model of EDs within a multigeneration representation based on energy hubs. EDs are addressed through a stochastic model in order to take into account the possible uncertainty in the customers’ decisions. This model is then used to introduce carrier-based demand response (DR) in which the user participates in DR programs aimed at promoting the shifting among different energy sources by preserving the service provided to the end users. The results obtained from the new model in deterministic and stochastic cases indicate the appropriateness and usefulness of the proposed approach.