Samenvatting
Community participation is a key part of heritage management. However, in practice, unlike natural heritage, the nature of community participation within cultural heritage is seldom assessed, nor are there theoretical frameworks developed to baseline such assessments. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper developed and tested an assessment framework, to assess community participation within cultural heritage. Based on the conceptualisation of community participation from heritage management policies, a literature review was conducted to develop an assessment framework, including four criteria and 23 indicators. This assessment framework was tested on the management practices of 36 Chinese cultural heritage properties inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List from 1987 to 2018. Using content analysis as a method, this research applied this assessment framework to UNESCO documents, reporting on the state-of-the-practice of heritage management as applied to Chinese World Heritage. The results provide an overview of the current situation on how community participation is positioned within World Heritage management in China. Several World Heritage properties in China have reported relatively high community participation in examples such as Honghe Hani Rice Terraces and Kulangsu. However, most of them demonstrate minimal community participation, such as the Yungang Grottoes and Lushan National Park. Moreover, the assessment framework of community participation in heritage management has been extended and improved, which is relevant to heritage management practices worldwide.
| Originele taal-2 | Engels |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 102107 |
| Aantal pagina's | 11 |
| Tijdschrift | Habitat International |
| Volume | 96 |
| DOI's | |
| Status | Gepubliceerd - feb. 2020 |
Bibliografische nota
Publisher Copyright:© 2019
Financiering
Regarding indicator 4.1, the facilitation of equitable benefit distribution, only six property institutions have taken actions with the aim of increasing local residents’ income. The residents of Wudang Mountain and the Potala Palace have received payment of subsidies because of their supportive work of daily heritage maintenance. A business model – “company + farmer” – has been established in the Hani Rice Terraces to subsidise residents for farming red rice through traditional methods. And direct financial profits from agricultural production in related enterprises were shared with local residents ( SACH, 2015 ). Fair profit distribution mechanisms were also proposed in Kaiping Diaolou, Mount Wutai and the Silk Roads, encouraging an appropriate share of tourism revenues and creating more job opportunities for local residents as financial incentives. For the funding framework of indicator 4.2, the main financial sources were mainly national, provincial, and local authority budgets allocated by the state to on-site management institutions. In addition, some economic support from international sponsors such as UNESCO and the World Bank is also noted, but above all the revenue of entry fees is key to supplement protection and management expenses. Twenty management institutions have involved residents and social organisations in a collaborative funding framework. In terms of the funding from social organisations, the Hong Kong Chinese Culture Fund donated 5 million USD to the Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing dynasties. This work was supported by China Scholarship Council [grant numbers 201706280021 ].
| Financiers | Financiernummer |
|---|---|
| China Scholarship Council | 201706280021 |