Simulating water hammer with corrective smoothed particle method

The corrective smoothed particle method (CSPM) is used to simulate water hammer. The spatial derivatives in the water-hammer equations are approximated by a corrective kernel estimate. For the temporal derivatives, the Euler-forward time integration algorithm is employed. The CSPM results are in good agreement with solutions obtained by the method of characteristics (MOC). A parametric study gives insight in the e¿ects of particle distribution, smoothing length and kernel function. Three typical water-hammer problems are solved. CSPM will not beat MOC in classical water-hammer, but it has potential for water-hammer problems with free surfaces as seen in column separation and slug impact.