Simulating the choice of E-bike on the execution of activity-travel programs using a multi-state supernetwork approach

During the last decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to reduce car dependency and increase the share of fuel-efficient, space-saving and healthier transport modes. A new transport mode-electric bike (E-bike) is gaining ever-increasing popularity in many countries. However, relatively few studies have been concerned with the choice of E-bike from the demand side. This paper attempts to simulate the choice of E-bike on the execution of full activity-travel programs using a multi-state supernetwork approach. Being considered a private vehicle, the E-bike can be easily integrated into the supernetwork model. Given the action spaces of individuals', the choice of E-bike can be evaluated systematically. The simulation is applied to the Den Haag-Rotterdam-Dordrecht corridor, The Netherlands. Four speed scenarios of E-bike, defining combinations of travel speed and costs are examined. The simulation results confirm the general experience that the E-bike replaces the bike and car for medium-distance trips.