Power sources for electric discharges

Here we introduce some general principles and basic equations in relation to Maxwell’s laws. Though many implications often are well known, we would like to point out problems associated with distributed flux, especially when this occurs in circuits. The usual circuit theory assumes lumped circuit elements connected by artificial ‘wires’. All field effects are hidden in the abstract impedance symbols. Actually this approach could lead to misinterpretations of voltages occurring in closed loops. It also allows the assignment of potentials to points in the circuit. Even if distributed inductances are accounted for by boxes denoting inductances it is well possible that this hidden flux would be seen by other loops of the circuit. The approach given in this section describes the problem. It is based on a careful inspection of current loops and E-field integration paths. A basic analysis of pulsed power circuits applies the integral notation of Faraday’s induction law and Ampere’s current law. This approach will be further applied in other sections to consider proper EMC measures and to design transformers and pulse sources.