Optimized detection of central apneas preceding late-onset sepsis in premature infants

In neonatal intensive care units, respiratory traces of premature infants developing late onset sepsis (LOS) may also show episodes of apneas. However, since clinical patient monitors often underdetect apneas, clinical experts are required to investigate patients' traces looking for these events. In this work we present a method to optimize an existing algorithm for central apnea (CA) detection and how we used it together with human annotations to investigate the occurrence of CAs preceding LOS.The algorithm was optimized by using a previously-annotated dataset consisting of 90 hours, extracted from 10 premature infants. This allowed to double precision (19.7% vs 9.3%, median values per patient) without affecting recall (90.5% vs 94.5%) compared to the original algorithm. This choice caused the missed identification of just 1 additional CA (4 vs 3) in the whole dataset. The optimized algorithm was then used to annotate a second dataset consisting of 480 hours, extracted from 10 premature infants diagnosed with LOS. Annotations were corrected by two clinical experts.A significantly higher number of CA annotations was found in the 6 hours prior to sepsis onset (p-value < 0.05). The use of the optimized algorithm followed by human annotations proved to be a suitable, time-efficient method to annotate CAs before sepsis in premature infants, enabling future use in large datasets.