Minimum fluidization velocity and reduction behavior of combusted iron powder in a fluidized bed

Conrad Hessels; D.W.J. Lelivelt; N.C. Stevens; Y. Tang; N.G. Deen; G. Finotello

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127710

Minimum fluidization velocity and reduction behavior of combusted iron powder in a fluidized bed

Conrad Hessels (Corresponding author), D.W.J. Lelivelt, N.C. Stevens, Y. Tang, N.G. Deen, G. Finotello (Corresponding author)

Onderzoeksoutput: Bijdrage aan tijdschrift › Tijdschriftartikel › Academic › peer review

7 Citaten (Scopus)

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The fluidization and reduction behavior of micron-sized iron oxide powder, produced by iron combustion, is studied in a lab-scale cylindrical fluidized bed. The minimum fluidization velocity u_mf is found to stabilize above normalized static bed heights of 0.5 H/D (static bed height divided by the bed diameter). u_mf is measured as a function of temperature between 280 and 860 K for both H₂ and N₂ as fluidizing gas. The experimental results start to deviate from the Ergun correlation at temperatures above 560 K, both for N₂ and H₂. A new correlation, taking the cohesive inter-particle solid bridge force into account, is proposed in this work to predict the minimum fluidization velocity at high temperature. Reduction experiments are carried out for a total time of 5 h at constant excess velocity with 50, 75 and 100 vol% of H₂ and temperatures between 623 and 823 K. Gradual defluidization occurs when the operating temperature exceeds 800 K. A maximum reduction degree of 61% is obtained at 807 K and 100 vol% H₂.

Originele taal-2	Engels
Artikelnummer	127710
Aantal pagina's	9
Tijdschrift	Fuel
Volume	342
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127710
Status	Gepubliceerd - 15 jun. 2023

Bibliografische nota

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Niek van Rooij for providing the combusted powder and for his help with performing the particle size analysis and the staff of the research group Mechanics of Materials, in particular Marc van Maris, at Eindhoven University of Technology for sharing their scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research, in particular Laurine Choisez, for performing the pycnometer and XRD measurements. Finally, the authors would like to thank Xin Liu for all the fruitful discussions. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)

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10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127710Licentie: CC BY

Minimum_fluidization_hesselsDefinitieve gepubliceerde versie, 2,31 MBLicentie: CC BY

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Link naar publicatie in Scopus

Metal Fuels as dense CO2-free Energy Carriers
Deen, N. G. (Content manager) & (Administratieve ondersteuning)
Impact: Research Topic/Theme (at group level)

Future Fuels Lab
Deen, N. G. (Manager), Somers, L. M. T. (Manager), de Goey, L. P. H. (Manager), van Oijen, J. A. (Manager) & Bastiaans, R. J. M. (Manager)
Mechanical Engineering
Uitrusting/faciliteit: Onderzoekslaboratorium

7 Citaties
1 Paper

Minimum fluidization velocity of combusted iron fines using H2 and N2 in a lab-scale fluidized bed
Hessels, C., Lelivelt, D. W. J., Finotello, G., Tang, Y. & Deen, N. G., 8 mei 2022. 8 blz.
Onderzoeksoutput: Bijdrage aan congres › Paper › Academic

Citeer dit

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title = "Minimum fluidization velocity and reduction behavior of combusted iron powder in a fluidized bed",

abstract = "The fluidization and reduction behavior of micron-sized iron oxide powder, produced by iron combustion, is studied in a lab-scale cylindrical fluidized bed. The minimum fluidization velocity umf is found to stabilize above normalized static bed heights of 0.5 H/D (static bed height divided by the bed diameter). umf is measured as a function of temperature between 280 and 860 K for both H2 and N2 as fluidizing gas. The experimental results start to deviate from the Ergun correlation at temperatures above 560 K, both for N2 and H2. A new correlation, taking the cohesive inter-particle solid bridge force into account, is proposed in this work to predict the minimum fluidization velocity at high temperature. Reduction experiments are carried out for a total time of 5 h at constant excess velocity with 50, 75 and 100 vol% of H2 and temperatures between 623 and 823 K. Gradual defluidization occurs when the operating temperature exceeds 800 K. A maximum reduction degree of 61% is obtained at 807 K and 100 vol% H2.",

keywords = "Cohesiveness, Fluidized bed, Iron oxide reduction, Metal energy carrier, Minimum fluidization velocity, Solid bridge force",

author = "Conrad Hessels and D.W.J. Lelivelt and N.C. Stevens and Y. Tang and N.G. Deen and G. Finotello",

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AU - Hessels, Conrad

AU - Lelivelt, D.W.J.

AU - Stevens, N.C.

AU - Tang, Y.

AU - Deen, N.G.

AU - Finotello, G.

PY - 2023/6/15

Y1 - 2023/6/15

N2 - The fluidization and reduction behavior of micron-sized iron oxide powder, produced by iron combustion, is studied in a lab-scale cylindrical fluidized bed. The minimum fluidization velocity umf is found to stabilize above normalized static bed heights of 0.5 H/D (static bed height divided by the bed diameter). umf is measured as a function of temperature between 280 and 860 K for both H2 and N2 as fluidizing gas. The experimental results start to deviate from the Ergun correlation at temperatures above 560 K, both for N2 and H2. A new correlation, taking the cohesive inter-particle solid bridge force into account, is proposed in this work to predict the minimum fluidization velocity at high temperature. Reduction experiments are carried out for a total time of 5 h at constant excess velocity with 50, 75 and 100 vol% of H2 and temperatures between 623 and 823 K. Gradual defluidization occurs when the operating temperature exceeds 800 K. A maximum reduction degree of 61% is obtained at 807 K and 100 vol% H2.

AB - The fluidization and reduction behavior of micron-sized iron oxide powder, produced by iron combustion, is studied in a lab-scale cylindrical fluidized bed. The minimum fluidization velocity umf is found to stabilize above normalized static bed heights of 0.5 H/D (static bed height divided by the bed diameter). umf is measured as a function of temperature between 280 and 860 K for both H2 and N2 as fluidizing gas. The experimental results start to deviate from the Ergun correlation at temperatures above 560 K, both for N2 and H2. A new correlation, taking the cohesive inter-particle solid bridge force into account, is proposed in this work to predict the minimum fluidization velocity at high temperature. Reduction experiments are carried out for a total time of 5 h at constant excess velocity with 50, 75 and 100 vol% of H2 and temperatures between 623 and 823 K. Gradual defluidization occurs when the operating temperature exceeds 800 K. A maximum reduction degree of 61% is obtained at 807 K and 100 vol% H2.

KW - Cohesiveness

KW - Fluidized bed

KW - Iron oxide reduction

KW - Metal energy carrier

KW - Minimum fluidization velocity

KW - Solid bridge force

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DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127710

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SN - 0016-2361

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Minimum fluidization velocity and reduction behavior of combusted iron powder in a fluidized bed

Samenvatting

Bibliografische nota

Toegang tot document

Andere bestanden en links

Vingerafdruk

Impact

Metal Fuels as dense CO2-free Energy Carriers

Uitrusting

Future Fuels Lab

Onderzoekersoutput

Minimum fluidization velocity of combusted iron fines using H2 and N2 in a lab-scale fluidized bed

Citeer dit