Evaluation of building envelope energy performance through extensive simulation and parametrical analysis

More than 30% of the final energy uses in the European Union are due to the building energy consumptions. In order to reduce their energy impact and improve their efficiency, the design activity has been given a large importance, both for new buildings or refurbishment projects. Moreover, besides these goals, during the last years the indoor comfort conditions have assumed a more and more relevant significance for professionals in the building design. That required the development of properly detailed instruments of analysis, such as building energy simulation tools (BES). Generally, the more complex a tool, the higher the number of required inputs but not all of them are always available in the early design stages. For this reason, BES codes have been used also to elaborate simpler models. This research analyses the possibilities given by an extensive use of the BES for the evaluation of the building envelope energy performance and some of the different issues related to BES. The first topic discussed is related to the external boundary conditions in BES, in particular the definition of a representative weather file for the description of the external environment and of the modelling of the heat transfer through the ground. The second topic analyses the problems of the validation of the results provided by BES tools and the relative accuracy introduced by the choice of a specific code. The comparison between BES software is carried out both considering the outputs of a whole thermal zone, such as heating and cooling energy needs and peak loads and the time of their occurrences, and the response of a single component (i.e., opaque walls and glazings). Finally, the coherence between the energy needs elaborated by means of BES tools and those by the quasi-steady state model presented in the technical Standard EN ISO 13790:2008 is studied and some correction factors are proposed for this simplified method.