Circular Renovation of Aged Educational Buildings: Context and Necessities for Transformation in the Netherlands

Many educational buildings in the Netherlands and EU (1950s-1990s) face outdated infrastructure, energy inefficiencies, and poor indoor environments. This paper presents a literature review highlighting the necessity for circular renovation as a solution, addressing issues in energy efficiency, material performance, structural integrity, functionality, and building code compliance. Using Steward Brand’s ‘Shearing Layers’ model, the research identifies key problems across building layers. It proposes a circular approach to extend building life cycles, reduce waste and GHG emissions, and improve educational environments. Circular renovation updates educational buildings and promotes sustainability in the construction industry, making it essential for future development.