Battery electric vehicle energy consumption modelling for range estimation

Range anxiety is considered as one of the major barriers to the mass adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). One method to solve this problem is to provide accurate range estimation to the driver. This paper describes a vehicle energy consumption model considering the influence of weather conditions and road surface dependent rolling resistance, which includes a road load, a powertrain, a regenerative braking, an auxiliary system and a battery model. The parameters of these models are obtained by different types of experiments. The energy consumption model is verified by 20 driving tests, including highway, rural and city driving. The results show that the proposed model can predict the energy consumption under different circumstances with a maximum error of 5%, which is a clear improvement over the 10% error from a simple energy consumption model. The proposed energy consumption model will be used to build a range estimator in future research.