Assessing the effectiveness of decision making frameworks in local energy systems

This paper investigates the effectiveness of using different decision-making frameworks in local energy systems (LES) through the assessment of the long-term equilibrium of energy players. For this purpose, the energy system is modelled through two levels of multi-energy player (MEP) and LES, coupled by energy price signals. The conflict between the decision-making of these two levels of players is modelled through a bi-level approach. A mathematical problem with equilibrium constraint is formulated by applying the duality theory, resorting to a linear representation of the constraints. The solution is found by using the CPLEX12 solver. The numerical results show the characteristics of the MEP behaviour in different energy aggregation modes for the LES, with centralised management or uniform pricing. The MEP may find benefits from possible synergies among the LES due to availability of energy carriers with complementary characteristics.