Agent-based multi-objective optimization model for allocating public charging stations for electric vehicles

The development of electric mobility and electric vehicles (EVs) has increased significantly over the last couple of years. It is desirable to develop smart supporting infrastructures, such as public charging stations, in order to stimulate the use of EVs. However, a charging infrastructure is only useful when a certain level of EV usage is reached. In this paper, a location allocation model of public charging stations is developed. The focus is on publicly accessible charging station using cables and plugs for recharging, which considers full EVs and plug-in hybrid EVs. The municipality of Eindhoven, the Netherlands, is used as a case study to apply the model. A scenario for the year 2020 is created to determine the settings for the model.
Scenario analysis leads to recommendations on locations and quantities of public charging stations, which provides a show case of urban modeling approach to support the public facilities planning.