Adaptation of feedback in e-learning systems at individual and group level

This paper discusses the issue of feedback personalization and adaptation in e-learning systems, and distinguishes between adaptation to the individual user and to groups of users. We briefly review the scope of feedback use in e-learning systems and outline the necessity of feedback adaptation in an e-learning system. We are trying to answer the following question: what is the difference between personalization of feedback at the individual and the group level. Particularly, we are focusing on the analysis of the differences in user modeling for feedback personalization/adaptation in e-learning systems. We discuss what kind of characteristics could be included in the learner model for individual and group personalization. The main purpose of this paper is to attract the attention of the research community to the problem of the feedback personalization and to be helpful in further studies and implementation of individual and group personalization of feedback in e-learning systems. We present some recent feedback adaptation experiments that try to determine the usefulness of certain types of adaptation.