A validated modular model for hydraulic actuation in a pushbelt continuously variable transmission

A reduction in the fuel consumption of a passenger car with a pushbelt continuously variable transmission (CVT) can be established via optimization of the hydraulic actuation system. This requires a model of the dynamic characteristics with low complexity and high accuracy, e.g., for closed-loop control design, for closed-loop simulation, and for optimization of design parameters. The hydraulic actuation system includes a large number of hydraulic components and a model of the dynamic characteristics is scarce, which is caused by the complexity, the nonlinearity, and the necessity of a large number of physical parameters that are uncertain or unknown. In this paper, a modular model for the hydraulic actuation system on the basis of first principles is constructed and validated, which is characterized by a relatively low complexity and a reasonably high accuracy. A modular approach is pursued with respect to the first principles models of the hydraulic components, i.e., a hydraulic pump, spool valves, proportional solenoid valves, channels, and hydraulic cylinders, which reduces complexity and improves transparency. The model parameters are either directly provided, directly measured, or identified. The model of the hydraulic actuation system is composed of the models of the hydraulic components and is experimentally validated by means of measurements that are obtained from a production pushbelt CVT. Several experiment types are considered. The correspondence between the measured and simulated responses is fairly good.