Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM

Ruben Gonzalez; Andreas Hülsing; Matthias J. Kannwischer; Juliane Krämer; Tanja Lange; Marc Stöttinger; Elisabeth Waitz; Thom Wiggers; Bo-Yin Yang

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81293-5_12

Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM

Ruben Gonzalez
, Andreas Hülsing
, Matthias J. Kannwischer
, Juliane Krämer
, Tanja Lange
, Marc Stöttinger
, Elisabeth Waitz
, Thom Wiggers
, Bo-Yin Yang

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

15 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this paper, we study implementations of post-quantum signature schemes on resource-constrained devices. We focus on verification of signatures and cover NIST PQC round-3 candidates Dilithium, Falcon, Rainbow, GeMSS, and SPHINCS ⁺. We assume an ARM Cortex-M3 with 8 kB of memory and 8 kB of flash for code; a practical and widely deployed setup in, for example, the automotive sector. This amount of memory is insufficient for most schemes. Rainbow and GeMSS public keys are too big; SPHINCS ⁺ signatures do not fit in this memory. To make signature verification work for these schemes, we stream in public keys and signatures. Due to the memory requirements for efficient Dilithium implementations, we stream in the public key to cache more intermediate results. We discuss the suitability of the signature schemes for streaming, adapt existing implementations, and compare performance.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Post-Quantum Cryptography
Subtitle of host publication	12th International Workshop, PQCrypto 2021, Daejeon, South Korea, July 20–22, 2021, Proceedings
Editors	Jung Hee Cheon, Jean-Pierre Tillich
Publisher	Springer
Pages	215-233
Number of pages	19
ISBN (Electronic)	9783030812935
ISBN (Print)	9783030812928
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81293-5_12
Publication status	Published - 2021

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Volume	12841 LNCS
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Funding

Funders	Funder number
European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme	805031
European Commission
European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	EXC 2092 CASA—390781972
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	628.001.028

Keywords

Cortex-M3
Memory-Constrained Devices
NISTPQC
Post-Quantum Signatures
Signature Verification
Streaming

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-81293-5_12

https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/662

Cite this

Gonzalez, R., Hülsing, A., Kannwischer, M. J., Krämer, J., Lange, T., Stöttinger, M., Waitz, E., Wiggers, T., & Yang, B.-Y. (2021). Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM. In J. H. Cheon, & J.-P. Tillich (Eds.), Post-Quantum Cryptography: 12th International Workshop, PQCrypto 2021, Daejeon, South Korea, July 20–22, 2021, Proceedings (pp. 215-233). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Vol. 12841 LNCS). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81293-5_12

@inproceedings{3ba823a700234e5eb82f8df8e5a3814c,

title = "Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM",

abstract = "In this paper, we study implementations of post-quantum signature schemes on resource-constrained devices. We focus on verification of signatures and cover NIST PQC round-3 candidates Dilithium, Falcon, Rainbow, GeMSS, and SPHINCS +. We assume an ARM Cortex-M3 with 8 kB of memory and 8 kB of flash for code; a practical and widely deployed setup in, for example, the automotive sector. This amount of memory is insufficient for most schemes. Rainbow and GeMSS public keys are too big; SPHINCS + signatures do not fit in this memory. To make signature verification work for these schemes, we stream in public keys and signatures. Due to the memory requirements for efficient Dilithium implementations, we stream in the public key to cache more intermediate results. We discuss the suitability of the signature schemes for streaming, adapt existing implementations, and compare performance. ",

keywords = "Cortex-M3, Memory-Constrained Devices, NISTPQC, Post-Quantum Signatures, Signature Verification, Streaming",

author = "Ruben Gonzalez and Andreas H{\"u}lsing and Kannwischer, \{Matthias J.\} and Juliane Kr{\"a}mer and Tanja Lange and Marc St{\"o}ttinger and Elisabeth Waitz and Thom Wiggers and Bo-Yin Yang",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-81293-5\_12",

language = "English",

isbn = "9783030812928",

series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",

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booktitle = "Post-Quantum Cryptography",

address = "Germany",

}

Gonzalez, R, Hülsing, A, Kannwischer, MJ, Krämer, J, Lange, T, Stöttinger, M, Waitz, E, Wiggers, T & Yang, B-Y 2021, Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM. in JH Cheon & J-P Tillich (eds), Post-Quantum Cryptography: 12th International Workshop, PQCrypto 2021, Daejeon, South Korea, July 20–22, 2021, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12841 LNCS, Springer, pp. 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81293-5_12

Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM. / Gonzalez, Ruben; Hülsing, Andreas; Kannwischer, Matthias J. et al.
Post-Quantum Cryptography: 12th International Workshop, PQCrypto 2021, Daejeon, South Korea, July 20–22, 2021, Proceedings. ed. / Jung Hee Cheon; Jean-Pierre Tillich. Springer, 2021. p. 215-233 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Vol. 12841 LNCS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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AU - Gonzalez, Ruben

AU - Hülsing, Andreas

AU - Kannwischer, Matthias J.

AU - Krämer, Juliane

AU - Lange, Tanja

AU - Stöttinger, Marc

AU - Waitz, Elisabeth

AU - Wiggers, Thom

AU - Yang, Bo-Yin

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - In this paper, we study implementations of post-quantum signature schemes on resource-constrained devices. We focus on verification of signatures and cover NIST PQC round-3 candidates Dilithium, Falcon, Rainbow, GeMSS, and SPHINCS +. We assume an ARM Cortex-M3 with 8 kB of memory and 8 kB of flash for code; a practical and widely deployed setup in, for example, the automotive sector. This amount of memory is insufficient for most schemes. Rainbow and GeMSS public keys are too big; SPHINCS + signatures do not fit in this memory. To make signature verification work for these schemes, we stream in public keys and signatures. Due to the memory requirements for efficient Dilithium implementations, we stream in the public key to cache more intermediate results. We discuss the suitability of the signature schemes for streaming, adapt existing implementations, and compare performance.

AB - In this paper, we study implementations of post-quantum signature schemes on resource-constrained devices. We focus on verification of signatures and cover NIST PQC round-3 candidates Dilithium, Falcon, Rainbow, GeMSS, and SPHINCS +. We assume an ARM Cortex-M3 with 8 kB of memory and 8 kB of flash for code; a practical and widely deployed setup in, for example, the automotive sector. This amount of memory is insufficient for most schemes. Rainbow and GeMSS public keys are too big; SPHINCS + signatures do not fit in this memory. To make signature verification work for these schemes, we stream in public keys and signatures. Due to the memory requirements for efficient Dilithium implementations, we stream in the public key to cache more intermediate results. We discuss the suitability of the signature schemes for streaming, adapt existing implementations, and compare performance.

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KW - Memory-Constrained Devices

KW - NISTPQC

KW - Post-Quantum Signatures

KW - Signature Verification

KW - Streaming

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BT - Post-Quantum Cryptography

A2 - Cheon, Jung Hee

A2 - Tillich, Jean-Pierre

PB - Springer

ER -

Gonzalez R, Hülsing A, Kannwischer MJ, Krämer J, Lange T, Stöttinger M et al. Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM. In Cheon JH, Tillich JP, editors, Post-Quantum Cryptography: 12th International Workshop, PQCrypto 2021, Daejeon, South Korea, July 20–22, 2021, Proceedings. Springer. 2021. p. 215-233. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-81293-5_12

Verifying Post-Quantum Signatures in 8 kB of RAM

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