@inproceedings{9f63ae43cf3f45acb29851109c41cace,
title = "Variable-focus liquid lens for portable applications",
abstract = "The meniscus between two immiscible liquids can be used as an optical lens. A change in curvature of this meniscus by electrowetting leads to a change in focal distance. We demonstrate that two liquids in a tube form a self-centered tunable lens of high optical quality. Several properties were studied, such as optical performance, electrical characteristics and dynamic behavior. We designed and constructed a miniature camera module based on this tunable lens and show that it is very well suited for use in portable applications.",
author = "S. Kuiper and B.H.W. Hendriks and L.J. Huijbregts and A. Hirschberg and C.A. Renders and \{As, van\}, M.A.J.",
year = "2004",
doi = "10.1117/12.555980",
language = "English",
isbn = "0-8194-5461-3",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE",
publisher = "SPIE",
pages = "100--109",
editor = "P.Z. Mouroulis and W.J. Smith and R.B. Johnson",
booktitle = "Current developments in lens design and optical engineering V : 4-5 August 2004, Denver, Colorado, USA",
address = "United States",
}