The effect of oxygen on the efficiency of planar p-i-n metal halide perovskite solar cells with a PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer

Bardo J. Bruijnaers; Eric Schiepers; Christ H.L. Weijtens; Stefan C.J. Meskers; Martijn M. Wienk; René A.J. Janssen

doi:10.1039/c7ta11128b

The effect of oxygen on the efficiency of planar p-i-n metal halide perovskite solar cells with a PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer

Materials to Optoelectronic Devices

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Abstract

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is frequently used as hole transport layer in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Here we show that processing of a metal halide perovskite layer on top of PEDOT:PSS via spin coating of a precursor solution chemically reduces the oxidation state of PEDOT:PSS. This reduction leads to a lowering of the work function of the PEDOT:PSS and the perovskite layer on top of it. As a consequence, the solar cells display inferior performance with a reduced open-circuit voltage and a reduced short-circuit current density, which increases sublinearly with light intensity. The reduced PEDOT:PSS can be re-oxidized by thermal annealing of the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite layer stack in the presence of oxygen. As a consequence, thermal annealing of the perovskite layer in air provides solar cells with increased open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and high efficiency.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	6882-6890
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Volume	6
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta11128b
Publication status	Published - 28 Apr 2018

Funding

The research received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 339031, forms part of the Solliance programme, and has received funding from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Gravity program 024.001.035).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

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10.1039/c7ta11128b

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title = "The effect of oxygen on the efficiency of planar p-i-n metal halide perovskite solar cells with a PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer",

abstract = "Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is frequently used as hole transport layer in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Here we show that processing of a metal halide perovskite layer on top of PEDOT:PSS via spin coating of a precursor solution chemically reduces the oxidation state of PEDOT:PSS. This reduction leads to a lowering of the work function of the PEDOT:PSS and the perovskite layer on top of it. As a consequence, the solar cells display inferior performance with a reduced open-circuit voltage and a reduced short-circuit current density, which increases sublinearly with light intensity. The reduced PEDOT:PSS can be re-oxidized by thermal annealing of the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite layer stack in the presence of oxygen. As a consequence, thermal annealing of the perovskite layer in air provides solar cells with increased open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and high efficiency.",

author = "Bruijnaers, \{Bardo J.\} and Eric Schiepers and Weijtens, \{Christ H.L.\} and Meskers, \{Stefan C.J.\} and Wienk, \{Martijn M.\} and Janssen, \{Ren{\'e} A.J.\}",

year = "2018",

month = apr,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1039/c7ta11128b",

language = "English",

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journal = "Journal of Materials Chemistry A",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The effect of oxygen on the efficiency of planar p-i-n metal halide perovskite solar cells with a PEDOT

T2 - PSS hole transport layer

AU - Bruijnaers, Bardo J.

AU - Schiepers, Eric

AU - Weijtens, Christ H.L.

AU - Meskers, Stefan C.J.

AU - Wienk, Martijn M.

AU - Janssen, René A.J.

PY - 2018/4/28

Y1 - 2018/4/28

N2 - Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is frequently used as hole transport layer in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Here we show that processing of a metal halide perovskite layer on top of PEDOT:PSS via spin coating of a precursor solution chemically reduces the oxidation state of PEDOT:PSS. This reduction leads to a lowering of the work function of the PEDOT:PSS and the perovskite layer on top of it. As a consequence, the solar cells display inferior performance with a reduced open-circuit voltage and a reduced short-circuit current density, which increases sublinearly with light intensity. The reduced PEDOT:PSS can be re-oxidized by thermal annealing of the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite layer stack in the presence of oxygen. As a consequence, thermal annealing of the perovskite layer in air provides solar cells with increased open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and high efficiency.

AB - Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is frequently used as hole transport layer in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Here we show that processing of a metal halide perovskite layer on top of PEDOT:PSS via spin coating of a precursor solution chemically reduces the oxidation state of PEDOT:PSS. This reduction leads to a lowering of the work function of the PEDOT:PSS and the perovskite layer on top of it. As a consequence, the solar cells display inferior performance with a reduced open-circuit voltage and a reduced short-circuit current density, which increases sublinearly with light intensity. The reduced PEDOT:PSS can be re-oxidized by thermal annealing of the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite layer stack in the presence of oxygen. As a consequence, thermal annealing of the perovskite layer in air provides solar cells with increased open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and high efficiency.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85045963444

U2 - 10.1039/c7ta11128b

DO - 10.1039/c7ta11128b

M3 - Article

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AN - SCOPUS:85045963444

SN - 2050-7488

VL - 6

SP - 6882

EP - 6890

JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry A

JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry A

IS - 16

ER -

The effect of oxygen on the efficiency of planar p-i-n metal halide perovskite solar cells with a PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer

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