Systematic multi-machine analysis of the exhaust time-dependent behavior in tokamaks

Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team; AUG team; DIII-D Team; JET contributors; MAST Upgrade team; TCV team; WEST team; Matthijs van Berkel; G.L. Derks; L. Ceelen; T.O.S.J. Bosman; B. Kool; Timo Ravensbergen; Christopher A. Orrico; Loes Jansen; Juan Javier Palacios Roman; Artur Perek; Himank Anand; Marco R. de Baar; M. Bernert; Dominik Brida; I.S. Carvalho; Basil P. Duval; D. Eldon; N. Fedorczak; Olivier Février; C. Galperti; S.S. Henderson; R.J.R. van Kampen; D. King; K. Kirov; O. Kudlacek; Morten Lennholm; Anthony Leonard; Nicola Lonigro; J. Lovell; Rémy Nouailletas; A. Parrott; L. Piron; Holger Reimerdes; B. Sieglin; Jelle H. Slief; H. Sun; T. Tala; Christian Theiler; Daniel F. Valcarcel; Kevin H.A. Verhaegh; Charles Vincent; David Weldon; Egbert Westerhof; Tijs A. Wijkamp; Sven Wiesen; J.T.W. Koenders

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ae30f1

Systematic multi-machine analysis of the exhaust time-dependent behavior in tokamaks

Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
, AUG team
, DIII-D Team
, JET contributors
, MAST Upgrade team
, TCV team
, WEST team
, Matthijs van Berkel (Corresponding author-nrf)
, G.L. Derks
, L. Ceelen
, T.O.S.J. Bosman
, B. Kool
, Timo Ravensbergen
, Christopher A. Orrico
, Loes Jansen
, Juan Javier Palacios Roman
, Artur Perek
, Himank Anand
, Marco R. de Baar
, M. Bernert

Dominik Brida, I.S. Carvalho, Basil P. Duval, D. Eldon, N. Fedorczak, Olivier Février, C. Galperti, S.S. Henderson, R.J.R. van Kampen, D. King, K. Kirov, O. Kudlacek, Morten Lennholm, Anthony Leonard, Nicola Lonigro, J. Lovell, Rémy Nouailletas, A. Parrott, L. Piron, Holger Reimerdes, B. Sieglin, Jelle H. Slief, H. Sun, T. Tala, Christian Theiler, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Kevin H.A. Verhaegh, Charles Vincent, David Weldon, Egbert Westerhof, Tijs A. Wijkamp, Sven Wiesen, J.T.W. Koenders

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Abstract

The understanding of the time-scales and associated transient behavior of fusion exhaust plasmas plays a crucial role in its dynamic modeling and its control. This work presents an overview of experimental investigations of the exhaust dynamics in TCV, MAST-U, ASDEX-Upgrade, WEST, DIII-D, and JET. From the presented experiments, a clear picture arises on properties of the exhaust dynamics across machines. Particularly, we observe that the scrape-off layer equilibrates on fast time-scales (70 Hz) and that exhaust dynamics measured in response to gas valve modulations mostly behave smoothly and linearly, with similarities across devices, across scenarios (H-mode, L-mode), injected species, and injection locations. The measurements presented have formed the basis for systematic exhaust control on the considered devices. We now present this database for the essential validation of dynamic exhaust models for reactor design and control.

Original language	English
Article number	036017
Number of pages	32
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	66
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae30f1
Publication status	Published - 3 Feb 2026

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Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, AUG team, DIII-D Team, JET contributors, MAST Upgrade team, TCV team, WEST team, van Berkel, M., Derks, G. L., Ceelen, L., Bosman, T. O. S. J., Kool, B., Ravensbergen, T., Orrico, C. A., Jansen, L., Palacios Roman, J. J., Perek, A., Anand, H., de Baar, M. R., ... Koenders, J. T. W. (2026). Systematic multi-machine analysis of the exhaust time-dependent behavior in tokamaks. Nuclear Fusion, 66(3), Article 036017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae30f1

@article{a56ed69a6d3b4d57bfbf2867e129cd47,

title = "Systematic multi-machine analysis of the exhaust time-dependent behavior in tokamaks",

abstract = "The understanding of the time-scales and associated transient behavior of fusion exhaust plasmas plays a crucial role in its dynamic modeling and its control. This work presents an overview of experimental investigations of the exhaust dynamics in TCV, MAST-U, ASDEX-Upgrade, WEST, DIII-D, and JET. From the presented experiments, a clear picture arises on properties of the exhaust dynamics across machines. Particularly, we observe that the scrape-off layer equilibrates on fast time-scales (70 Hz) and that exhaust dynamics measured in response to gas valve modulations mostly behave smoothly and linearly, with similarities across devices, across scenarios (H-mode, L-mode), injected species, and injection locations. The measurements presented have formed the basis for systematic exhaust control on the considered devices. We now present this database for the essential validation of dynamic exhaust models for reactor design and control.",

author = "\{Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team\} and \{AUG team\} and \{DIII-D Team\} and \{JET contributors\} and \{MAST Upgrade team\} and \{TCV team\} and \{WEST team\} and \{van Berkel\}, Matthijs and G.L. Derks and L. Ceelen and T.O.S.J. Bosman and B. Kool and Timo Ravensbergen and Orrico, \{Christopher A.\} and Loes Jansen and \{Palacios Roman\}, \{Juan Javier\} and Artur Perek and Himank Anand and \{de Baar\}, \{Marco R.\} and M. Bernert and Dominik Brida and I.S. Carvalho and Duval, \{Basil P.\} and D. Eldon and N. Fedorczak and Olivier F{\'e}vrier and C. Galperti and S.S. Henderson and \{van Kampen\}, R.J.R. and D. King and K. Kirov and O. Kudlacek and Morten Lennholm and Anthony Leonard and Nicola Lonigro and J. Lovell and R{\'e}my Nouailletas and A. Parrott and L. Piron and Holger Reimerdes and B. Sieglin and Slief, \{Jelle H.\} and H. Sun and T. Tala and Christian Theiler and Valcarcel, \{Daniel F.\} and Verhaegh, \{Kevin H.A.\} and Charles Vincent and David Weldon and Egbert Westerhof and Wijkamp, \{Tijs A.\} and Sven Wiesen and J.T.W. Koenders",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1088/1741-4326/ae30f1",

language = "English",

volume = "66",

journal = "Nuclear Fusion",

issn = "0029-5515",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "3",

}

Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, AUG team, DIII-D Team, JET contributors, MAST Upgrade team, TCV team, WEST team, van Berkel, M, Derks, GL, Ceelen, L , Bosman, TOSJ , Kool, B, Ravensbergen, T, Orrico, CA , Jansen, L , Palacios Roman, JJ, Perek, A, Anand, H, de Baar, MR, Bernert, M, Brida, D, Carvalho, IS, Duval, BP, Eldon, D, Fedorczak, N, Février, O, Galperti, C, Henderson, SS, van Kampen, RJR, King, D, Kirov, K, Kudlacek, O, Lennholm, M, Leonard, A, Lonigro, N, Lovell, J, Nouailletas, R, Parrott, A, Piron, L, Reimerdes, H, Sieglin, B, Slief, JH, Sun, H, Tala, T, Theiler, C, Valcarcel, DF, Verhaegh, KHA, Vincent, C, Weldon, D, Westerhof, E, Wijkamp, TA, Wiesen, S & Koenders, JTW 2026, 'Systematic multi-machine analysis of the exhaust time-dependent behavior in tokamaks', Nuclear Fusion, vol. 66, no. 3, 036017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae30f1

TY - JOUR

T1 - Systematic multi-machine analysis of the exhaust time-dependent behavior in tokamaks

AU - Eurofusion Tokamak Exploitation Team

AU - AUG team

AU - DIII-D Team

AU - JET contributors

AU - MAST Upgrade team

AU - TCV team

AU - WEST team

AU - Derks, G.L.

AU - Ceelen, L.

AU - Bosman, T.O.S.J.

AU - Kool, B.

AU - Ravensbergen, Timo

AU - Orrico, Christopher A.

AU - Jansen, Loes

AU - Palacios Roman, Juan Javier

AU - Perek, Artur

AU - Anand, Himank

AU - de Baar, Marco R.

AU - Bernert, M.

AU - Brida, Dominik

AU - Carvalho, I.S.

AU - Duval, Basil P.

AU - Eldon, D.

AU - Fedorczak, N.

AU - Février, Olivier

AU - Galperti, C.

AU - Henderson, S.S.

AU - van Kampen, R.J.R.

AU - King, D.

AU - Kirov, K.

AU - Kudlacek, O.

AU - Lennholm, Morten

AU - Leonard, Anthony

AU - Lonigro, Nicola

AU - Lovell, J.

AU - Nouailletas, Rémy

AU - Parrott, A.

AU - Piron, L.

AU - Reimerdes, Holger

AU - Sieglin, B.

AU - Slief, Jelle H.

AU - Sun, H.

AU - Tala, T.

AU - Theiler, Christian

AU - Valcarcel, Daniel F.

AU - Verhaegh, Kevin H.A.

AU - Vincent, Charles

AU - Weldon, David

AU - Westerhof, Egbert

AU - Wijkamp, Tijs A.

AU - Wiesen, Sven

AU - Koenders, J.T.W.

A2 - van Berkel, Matthijs

PY - 2026/2/3

Y1 - 2026/2/3

N2 - The understanding of the time-scales and associated transient behavior of fusion exhaust plasmas plays a crucial role in its dynamic modeling and its control. This work presents an overview of experimental investigations of the exhaust dynamics in TCV, MAST-U, ASDEX-Upgrade, WEST, DIII-D, and JET. From the presented experiments, a clear picture arises on properties of the exhaust dynamics across machines. Particularly, we observe that the scrape-off layer equilibrates on fast time-scales (70 Hz) and that exhaust dynamics measured in response to gas valve modulations mostly behave smoothly and linearly, with similarities across devices, across scenarios (H-mode, L-mode), injected species, and injection locations. The measurements presented have formed the basis for systematic exhaust control on the considered devices. We now present this database for the essential validation of dynamic exhaust models for reactor design and control.

AB - The understanding of the time-scales and associated transient behavior of fusion exhaust plasmas plays a crucial role in its dynamic modeling and its control. This work presents an overview of experimental investigations of the exhaust dynamics in TCV, MAST-U, ASDEX-Upgrade, WEST, DIII-D, and JET. From the presented experiments, a clear picture arises on properties of the exhaust dynamics across machines. Particularly, we observe that the scrape-off layer equilibrates on fast time-scales (70 Hz) and that exhaust dynamics measured in response to gas valve modulations mostly behave smoothly and linearly, with similarities across devices, across scenarios (H-mode, L-mode), injected species, and injection locations. The measurements presented have formed the basis for systematic exhaust control on the considered devices. We now present this database for the essential validation of dynamic exhaust models for reactor design and control.

U2 - 10.1088/1741-4326/ae30f1

DO - 10.1088/1741-4326/ae30f1

M3 - Article

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 66

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 3

M1 - 036017

ER -

Systematic multi-machine analysis of the exhaust time-dependent behavior in tokamaks

Abstract

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