Abstract
The majority of exchanges of oxygen and nutrients are performed around vessels smaller than 100 μm, allowing cells to thrive everywhere in the body. Pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and arteriosclerosis can profoundly alter the microvasculature. Unfortunately, medical imaging modalities only provide indirect observation at this scale. Inspired by optical microscopy, ultrasound localization microscopy has bypassed the classic compromise between penetration and resolution in ultrasonic imaging. By localization of individual injected microbubbles and tracking of their displacement with a subwavelength resolution, vascular and velocity maps can be produced at the scale of the micrometer. Super-resolution ultrasound has also been performed through signal fluctuations with the same type of contrast agents, or through switching on and off nano-sized phase-change contrast agents. These techniques are now being applied pre-clinically and clinically for imaging of the microvasculature of the brain, kidney, skin, tumors and lymph nodes.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 865-891 |
Number of pages | 27 |
Journal | Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology |
Volume | 46 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Apr 2020 |
Funding
This project has received funding from the European Research Council under European Union Horizon H2020 Programme/ERC Consolidator Grant Agreement No. 772786-ResolveStroke (PI: Olivier Couture). The works of Fabian Kiessling and Georg Schmitz were supported by German Research Foundation/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grants KI 1072/5-1, KI 1072/11-1, SCHM1171/3-1 and SCHM 1171/4-1. Kullervo Hynynen and Meaghan O'Reilly both received support through the Canada Research Chair program. Meng-Xing Tang acknowledges the funding from Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/N015487/1, Cancer Research UK MDA C53470/A22353 and Imperial College Confidence-in-Concepts.
Funders | Funder number |
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Imperial College London | |
European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme | 772786 |
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council | EP/N015487/1 |
Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute | MDA C53470/A22353 |
H2020 European Research Council | |
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | SCHM 1171/4-1, KI 1072/5-1, SCHM1171/3-1, KI 1072/11-1 |
Keywords
- Brain
- Contrast agents
- Localization
- Microbubbles
- Microscopy
- Microvessels
- Super-resolution
- Tumor
- Ultrasound