Structural behaviour and construction of a monumental ice structure

This paper investigates the use of ice-based materials combined with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) to enhance the bending capacity of ice sculptures. Through three-point bending tests and ABAQUS simulations, the study analyses the mechanical behaviour of GFRP and cellulose ice, both separately and together. The results show that FRP improves tensile resistance while cellulose ice adds mass and ductility. An ABAQUS simulation with a layered shell partially captures the mechanical behaviour but has limitations in modelling beyond the elastic phase due to assumptions of perfect connection and material failure. Applied to a monumental sculpture by artist KAWS, incorporating a steel framework, GFRP mould, and ice-based material, the study confirms the potential of combining FRP and cellulose ice to achieve improved structural performance in ice-based sculptures.