Stress-induced effects by the anodic oxide in ridge waveguide laser diodes

This paper studies, both theoretically and experimentally, stress-induced effects on the lateral far-field behavior for ridge-type semiconductor laser diodes where anodic oxide is used for the definition of the stripe width. These effects consist of antiguiding under the stripe region, and of two positive waveguiding features near the stripe edges. For low-threshold devices, these effects may be more important than thermal effects, depending on the stress in the oxide. They put a lower limit on the built-in index guiding to be introduced by lateral etch outside the ridge region in order to maintain fundamental mode operation for wider stripes. The magnitude of these effects may be as large as ¿nef=1×10-3. An analytical mathematical model is deduced for computing stresses and strains for a certain ridge-shaped interface which bounds the elastic medium