Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter

T. van Hooff; J.W.P. Persoon; B.J.E. Blocken; J.E. Carmeliet; M.H. Wit, de

Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter

T. van Hooff, J.W.P. Persoon, B.J.E. Blocken, J.E. Carmeliet, M.H. Wit, de

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The main aspect for spectator comfort in outdoor stadiums is protection from wind and rain. This paper presents an investigation of the impact of roof geometry on rain shelter. CFD simulations and Lagrangian particle tracking are performed to analyse the wind flow pattern and rainfall distribution in seven generic stadium configurations and to assess the performance of each roof type. Although most existing stadium roofs are built with a light to medium upward slope towards the field, the analysis indicates that roofs with a downward slope of 13° provide significantly better rain shelter. The reason is not only the well-known trigonometric shielding effect. In addition, this roof type – as opposed to its counterparts – restricts the extent of the primary vortex in the stadium and generates a sufficiently strong counter-rotating secondary vortex below the roof that sweeps the rain away from the stands.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark
Editors	C. Rode
Place of Publication	Copenhagen, Denmark
Publisher	Technical University of Denmark
Pages	221-228
Volume	1
ISBN (Print)	978-87-7877-265-7
Publication status	Published - 2008
Event	8th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2008), June 16-18, 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark - Copenhagen, Denmark Duration: 16 Jun 2008 → 18 Jun 2008 http://www.nsb2008.org/

Publication series

Name	DTU Byg Report
Volume	R-189

Conference

Conference	8th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2008), June 16-18, 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark
Abbreviated title	NSB 2008
Country/Territory	Denmark
City	Copenhagen
Period	16/06/08 → 18/06/08
Internet address	http://www.nsb2008.org/

Cite this

van Hooff, T., Persoon, J. W. P., Blocken, B. J. E., Carmeliet, J. E., & Wit, de, M. H. (2008). Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter. In C. Rode (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark (Vol. 1, pp. 221-228). (DTU Byg Report; Vol. R-189). Technical University of Denmark.

van Hooff, T. ; Persoon, J.W.P. ; Blocken, B.J.E. ; Carmeliet, J.E. ; Wit, de, M.H. / Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark. editor / C. Rode. Vol. 1 Copenhagen, Denmark : Technical University of Denmark, 2008. pp. 221-228 (DTU Byg Report).

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title = "Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter",

abstract = "The main aspect for spectator comfort in outdoor stadiums is protection from wind and rain. This paper presents an investigation of the impact of roof geometry on rain shelter. CFD simulations and Lagrangian particle tracking are performed to analyse the wind flow pattern and rainfall distribution in seven generic stadium configurations and to assess the performance of each roof type. Although most existing stadium roofs are built with a light to medium upward slope towards the field, the analysis indicates that roofs with a downward slope of 13° provide significantly better rain shelter. The reason is not only the well-known trigonometric shielding effect. In addition, this roof type – as opposed to its counterparts – restricts the extent of the primary vortex in the stadium and generates a sufficiently strong counter-rotating secondary vortex below the roof that sweeps the rain away from the stands.",

author = "{van Hooff}, T. and J.W.P. Persoon and B.J.E. Blocken and J.E. Carmeliet and {Wit, de}, M.H.",

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publisher = "Technical University of Denmark",

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editor = "C. Rode",

booktitle = "Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark",

address = "Denmark",

note = "8th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2008), June 16-18, 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark, NSB 2008 ; Conference date: 16-06-2008 Through 18-06-2008",

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van Hooff, T, Persoon, JWP, Blocken, BJE, Carmeliet, JE & Wit, de, MH 2008, Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter. in C Rode (ed.), Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark. vol. 1, DTU Byg Report, vol. R-189, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 221-228, 8th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2008), June 16-18, 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, 16/06/08.

Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter. / van Hooff, T.; Persoon, J.W.P.; Blocken, B.J.E.; Carmeliet, J.E.; Wit, de, M.H.

Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark. ed. / C. Rode. Vol. 1 Copenhagen, Denmark : Technical University of Denmark, 2008. p. 221-228 (DTU Byg Report; Vol. R-189).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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T1 - Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter

AU - van Hooff, T.

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AU - Blocken, B.J.E.

AU - Carmeliet, J.E.

AU - Wit, de, M.H.

PY - 2008

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N2 - The main aspect for spectator comfort in outdoor stadiums is protection from wind and rain. This paper presents an investigation of the impact of roof geometry on rain shelter. CFD simulations and Lagrangian particle tracking are performed to analyse the wind flow pattern and rainfall distribution in seven generic stadium configurations and to assess the performance of each roof type. Although most existing stadium roofs are built with a light to medium upward slope towards the field, the analysis indicates that roofs with a downward slope of 13° provide significantly better rain shelter. The reason is not only the well-known trigonometric shielding effect. In addition, this roof type – as opposed to its counterparts – restricts the extent of the primary vortex in the stadium and generates a sufficiently strong counter-rotating secondary vortex below the roof that sweeps the rain away from the stands.

AB - The main aspect for spectator comfort in outdoor stadiums is protection from wind and rain. This paper presents an investigation of the impact of roof geometry on rain shelter. CFD simulations and Lagrangian particle tracking are performed to analyse the wind flow pattern and rainfall distribution in seven generic stadium configurations and to assess the performance of each roof type. Although most existing stadium roofs are built with a light to medium upward slope towards the field, the analysis indicates that roofs with a downward slope of 13° provide significantly better rain shelter. The reason is not only the well-known trigonometric shielding effect. In addition, this roof type – as opposed to its counterparts – restricts the extent of the primary vortex in the stadium and generates a sufficiently strong counter-rotating secondary vortex below the roof that sweeps the rain away from the stands.

M3 - Conference contribution

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BT - Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark

A2 - Rode, C.

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T2 - 8th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2008), June 16-18, 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark

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ER -

van Hooff T, Persoon JWP, Blocken BJE, Carmeliet JE, Wit, de MH. Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter. In Rode C, editor, Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, 16-18 June 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark. Vol. 1. Copenhagen, Denmark: Technical University of Denmark. 2008. p. 221-228. (DTU Byg Report).

Spectator comfort in sports stadiums: on the impact of roof geometry on wind-driven rain shelter

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