Small-molecule modulators of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions

14-3-3 Proteins are eukaryotic adapter proteins that regulate a plethora of physiological processes by binding to several hundred partner proteins. They play a role in biological activities as diverse as signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, host-pathogen interactions and metabolic control. As such, 14-3-3s are implicated in disease areas like cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, pulmonary disease, and obesity. Targeted modulation of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by small molecules is therefore an attractive concept for disease intervention. In recent years a number of examples of inhibitors and stabilizers of 14-3-3 PPIs have been reported promising a vivid future in chemical biology and drug development for this remarkable class of proteins.