Optimal Sizing of Charging Energy Hubs for Heavy-Duty Electric Transport through Co-Optimization

M. Izadi; D. Fernandez Zapico; M. Salazar; T. Hofman

doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.01502

Optimal Sizing of Charging Energy Hubs for Heavy-Duty Electric Transport through Co-Optimization

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Abstract

Electrification of heavy-duty vehicles places substantial stress on distribution grids, and Charging Energy Hubs (CEHs) mitigate these impacts by integrating charging infrastructure with renewable energy sources and battery storage. Optimal sizing of CEH components is therefore a critical investment decision, yet challenging because design choices depend strongly on operational dynamics. This work presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for the optimal sizing of CEH components, using a co-design approach that jointly optimizes component sizing and operational decisions. A case study for a heavy-duty fleet demonstrates the effectiveness of the method for cost-efficient, scalable, and grid-compliant CEH planning.

Original language	English
Publisher	arXiv.org
Number of pages	7
Volume	2602.01502
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.01502
Publication status	Published - 2 Feb 2026

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SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

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2602.01502v1Final published version, 952 KBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Optimal Sizing of Charging Energy Hubs for Heavy-Duty Electric Transport through Co-Optimization

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