Occupation densities in solving exit problems for Markov additive processes and their reflections

This paper solves exit problems for spectrally negative Markov additive processes and their reflections. So-called scale matrix, which is a generalization of the scale function of a spectrally negative Lévy process, plays the central role in the study of the exit problems. Existence of the scale matrix was shown by Kyprianou and Palmowski (2008) [32, Thm. 3]. We provide the probabilistic construction of the scale matrix, and identify its transform. In addition, we generalize to the MAP setting the relation between the scale function and the excursion (height) measure. The main technique is based on the occupation density formula and even in the context of fluctuations of spectrally negative Lévy processes this idea seems to be new. Our representation of the scale matrix [formula omitted] in terms of nice probabilistic objects opens up possibilities for further investigation of its properties.