TY - JOUR
T1 - Mapping forces and kinematics during collective cell migration
AU - Serra-Picamal, Xavier
AU - Conte, Vito
AU - Sunyer, Raimon
AU - Muñoz, José J.
AU - Trepat, Xavier
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - Fundamental biological processes including morphogenesis and tissue repair require cells to migrate collectively. In these processes, epithelial or endothelial cells move in a cooperative manner coupled by intercellular junctions. Ultimately, the movement of these multicellular systems occurs through the generation of cellular forces, exerted either on the substrate via focal adhesions (cell-substrate forces) or on neighboring cells through cell-cell junctions (cell-cell forces). Quantitative measurements of multicellular forces and kinematics with cellular or subcellular resolution have become possible only in recent years. In this chapter, we describe some of these techniques, which include particle image velocimetry to map cell velocities, traction force microscopy to map forces exerted by cells on the substrate, and monolayer stress microscopy to map forces within and between cells. We also describe experimental protocols to perform these measurements. The combination of these techniques with high-resolution imaging tools and molecular perturbations will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying collective cell migration in health and disease.
AB - Fundamental biological processes including morphogenesis and tissue repair require cells to migrate collectively. In these processes, epithelial or endothelial cells move in a cooperative manner coupled by intercellular junctions. Ultimately, the movement of these multicellular systems occurs through the generation of cellular forces, exerted either on the substrate via focal adhesions (cell-substrate forces) or on neighboring cells through cell-cell junctions (cell-cell forces). Quantitative measurements of multicellular forces and kinematics with cellular or subcellular resolution have become possible only in recent years. In this chapter, we describe some of these techniques, which include particle image velocimetry to map cell velocities, traction force microscopy to map forces exerted by cells on the substrate, and monolayer stress microscopy to map forces within and between cells. We also describe experimental protocols to perform these measurements. The combination of these techniques with high-resolution imaging tools and molecular perturbations will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying collective cell migration in health and disease.
KW - Collective cell migration
KW - Monolayer stress microscopy
KW - Traction force microscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84921873240&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/bs.mcb.2014.11.003
DO - 10.1016/bs.mcb.2014.11.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 25640436
AN - SCOPUS:84921873240
VL - 125
SP - 309
EP - 330
JO - Methods in Cell Biology
JF - Methods in Cell Biology
SN - 0091-679X
ER -