Macular thinning in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy: the Maastricht Study

Eline E.B. De Clerck, Jan S.A.G. Schouten, Tos T.J.M. Berendschot, Fleur Goezinne, Pieter C. Dagnelie, Nicolaas C. Schaper, Miranda T. Schram, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Carroll A.B. Webers

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Abstract

Purpose: To assess macular thinning in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM2 w/o DR) compared with individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM). Methods: Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), we measured macular thickness in six subfields as defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) in 1838 participants from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (mean age 59 ± 8 years, 49% men, 1087 NGM, 279 prediabetes, 472 DM2 w/o DR). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between macular thickness and glucose metabolism status. Results: After adjustment for age, sex and spherical equivalent, individuals with prediabetes showed a significant decrease in pericentral superior macular thickness [β = −2.14 μm (95% confidence interval (CI): −4.24 to −0.03), p < 0.05] compared with individuals with NGM. In individuals with DM2 w/o DR, the fovea [β = −4.05 μm (95% CI: −6.30 to −1.79), p < 0.001] and the four pericentral quadrants (range: β = −4.64 to −5.29 μm, p < 0.001) were significantly thinner compared with individuals with NGM. There was a significant linear trend of macular thinning with severity of glucose metabolism status in five subfields (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Macular thickness is reduced in prediabetes and a greater reduction occurs in DM2, even before DR is clinically present. About half of the thinning observed in DM2 w/o DR was already found in prediabetes. Generalized thinning of the macula could be related to thinning of the temporal side of the optic nerve head through the connecting papillo-macular bundle.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)174-182
Number of pages9
JournalActa Ophthalmologica
Volume96
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2018

Keywords

  • neurodegeneration
  • optical coherence tomography
  • retina
  • type 2 diabetes
  • Prospective Studies
  • Retinal Diseases/etiology
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence
  • Blood Glucose/metabolism
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
  • Macula Lutea/pathology
  • Netherlands
  • Prediabetic State/complications
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism
  • Cohort Studies
  • Diabetic Retinopathy

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