Lifi positioning for industry 4.0

Sepideh Mohammadi Kouhini; Christoph Kottke; Ziyan Ma; Ronald Freund; Volker Jungnickel; Marcel Muller; Daniel Behnke; Marcos Martinez Vazquez; Jean Paul M.G. Linnartz

doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2021.3095364

Lifi positioning for industry 4.0

Sepideh Mohammadi Kouhini (Corresponding author), Christoph Kottke, Ziyan Ma, Ronald Freund, Volker Jungnickel, Marcel Muller, Daniel Behnke, Marcos Martinez Vazquez, Jean Paul M.G. Linnartz

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Abstract

Precise position information is considered as the main enabler for the implementation of smart manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0. In this article, a time-of-flight based indoor positioning system for LiFi is presented based on the ITU - T recommendation G.9991. Our objective is to realize positioning by reusing already existing functions of the LiFi communication protocol which has been adopted by several vendors. Our positioning algorithm is based on a coarse timing measurement using the frame synchronization preamble, similar to the ranging, and a fine timing measurement using the channel estimation preamble. This approach works in various environments and it requires neither knowledge about the beam characteristics of transmitters and receivers nor the use of fingerprinting. The new algorithm is validated through both, simulations and experiments. Results in an 1 m × 1 m × 2 m area indicate that G.9991-based positioning can reach an average distance error of a few centimeters in three dimension. Considering the common use of lighting in indoor environments and the availability of a mature optical wireless communication system using G.9991, the proposed LiFi positioning is a promising new feature that can be added to the existing protocols and enhance the capabilities of smart lighting systems further for the benefit of Industry 4.0.

Original language	English
Article number	7701215
Number of pages	15
Journal	IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
Volume	27
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2021.3095364
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2021

Funding

Manuscript received February 17, 2021; revised June 29, 2021; accepted June 30, 2021. Date of publication July 9, 2021; date of current version August 6, 2021. This work was supported by the EU in the H2020 projects VisIoN and ELIoT under Grants 764461 and 825651. (Corresponding author: Sepideh Mohammadi Kouhini.) Sepideh Mohammadi Kouhini, Christoph Kottke, Ziyan Ma, Ronald Freund, and Volker Jungnickel are with the Department of Photonic Networks and Systems, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]; christoph.kottke@hhi. fraunhofer.de; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]).

Funders	Funder number
European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme	764461, 825651
European Commission

Keywords

Industry 4.0
Lifi
Mobile communication
Optical communication
Positioning

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10.1109/JSTQE.2021.3095364

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Cite this

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title = "Lifi positioning for industry 4.0",

abstract = "Precise position information is considered as the main enabler for the implementation of smart manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0. In this article, a time-of-flight based indoor positioning system for LiFi is presented based on the ITU - T recommendation G.9991. Our objective is to realize positioning by reusing already existing functions of the LiFi communication protocol which has been adopted by several vendors. Our positioning algorithm is based on a coarse timing measurement using the frame synchronization preamble, similar to the ranging, and a fine timing measurement using the channel estimation preamble. This approach works in various environments and it requires neither knowledge about the beam characteristics of transmitters and receivers nor the use of fingerprinting. The new algorithm is validated through both, simulations and experiments. Results in an 1 m × 1 m × 2 m area indicate that G.9991-based positioning can reach an average distance error of a few centimeters in three dimension. Considering the common use of lighting in indoor environments and the availability of a mature optical wireless communication system using G.9991, the proposed LiFi positioning is a promising new feature that can be added to the existing protocols and enhance the capabilities of smart lighting systems further for the benefit of Industry 4.0.",

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AU - Behnke, Daniel

AU - Vazquez, Marcos Martinez

AU - Linnartz, Jean Paul M.G.

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AB - Precise position information is considered as the main enabler for the implementation of smart manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0. In this article, a time-of-flight based indoor positioning system for LiFi is presented based on the ITU - T recommendation G.9991. Our objective is to realize positioning by reusing already existing functions of the LiFi communication protocol which has been adopted by several vendors. Our positioning algorithm is based on a coarse timing measurement using the frame synchronization preamble, similar to the ranging, and a fine timing measurement using the channel estimation preamble. This approach works in various environments and it requires neither knowledge about the beam characteristics of transmitters and receivers nor the use of fingerprinting. The new algorithm is validated through both, simulations and experiments. Results in an 1 m × 1 m × 2 m area indicate that G.9991-based positioning can reach an average distance error of a few centimeters in three dimension. Considering the common use of lighting in indoor environments and the availability of a mature optical wireless communication system using G.9991, the proposed LiFi positioning is a promising new feature that can be added to the existing protocols and enhance the capabilities of smart lighting systems further for the benefit of Industry 4.0.

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Lifi positioning for industry 4.0

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