Laser-based fabrication of microflow cytometers with integrated optical waveguides

We present a novel microfabrication approach to create microflow cytometers. Femtosecond laser pulses are used in a direct-write embodiment to create from fused silica monoliths extremely robust flow cytometers with uncommon characteristics. One of the most interesting features associated with the femtosecond direct-write approach is the opportunity to fabricate in a single continuous step optical and microfluidic elements. This capability affects the design and performances of microflow cytometers in many ways, which are reviewed. We expect the direct-write process will create opportunities to expand the use of microflow cytometers outside traditional markets.