TY - JOUR
T1 - Ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skeletal muscle assessed with T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
AU - Loerakker, S.
AU - Oomens, C.W.J.
AU - Manders, E.
AU - Schakel, T.
AU - Bader, D.L.
AU - Baaijens, F.P.T.
AU - Nicolay, K.
AU - Strijkers, G.J.
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Pressure ulcers are localized areas of soft tissue breakdown due to mechanical loading. Susceptible individuals are subjected to pressure relief strategies to prevent long loading periods. Therefore, ischemia-reperfusion injury may play an important role in the etiology of pressure ulcers. To investigate the inter-relation between postischemic perfusion and changes in skeletal muscle integrity, the hindlimbs of Brown Norway rats were subjected to 4-h ischemia followed by 2-h reperfusion. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was used to examine perfusion, and changes in skeletal muscle integrity were monitored with T2-weighted MRI. The dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data showed a heterogeneous postischemic profile in the hindlimb, consisting of areas with increased contrast enhancement (14–76% of the hindlimb) and regions with no-reflow (5–77%). For T2, a gradual increase in the complete leg was observed during the 4-h ischemic period (from 34 to 41 msec). During the reperfusion phase, a heterogeneous distribution of T2 was observed. Areas with increased contrast enhancement were associated with a decrease in T2 (to 38 msec) toward preischemic levels, whereas no-reflow areas exhibited a further increase in T2 (to 42 msec). These results show that reperfusion after prolonged ischemia may not be complete, thereby continuing the ischemic condition and aggravating tissue damage.
AB - Pressure ulcers are localized areas of soft tissue breakdown due to mechanical loading. Susceptible individuals are subjected to pressure relief strategies to prevent long loading periods. Therefore, ischemia-reperfusion injury may play an important role in the etiology of pressure ulcers. To investigate the inter-relation between postischemic perfusion and changes in skeletal muscle integrity, the hindlimbs of Brown Norway rats were subjected to 4-h ischemia followed by 2-h reperfusion. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was used to examine perfusion, and changes in skeletal muscle integrity were monitored with T2-weighted MRI. The dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data showed a heterogeneous postischemic profile in the hindlimb, consisting of areas with increased contrast enhancement (14–76% of the hindlimb) and regions with no-reflow (5–77%). For T2, a gradual increase in the complete leg was observed during the 4-h ischemic period (from 34 to 41 msec). During the reperfusion phase, a heterogeneous distribution of T2 was observed. Areas with increased contrast enhancement were associated with a decrease in T2 (to 38 msec) toward preischemic levels, whereas no-reflow areas exhibited a further increase in T2 (to 42 msec). These results show that reperfusion after prolonged ischemia may not be complete, thereby continuing the ischemic condition and aggravating tissue damage.
U2 - 10.1002/mrm.22801
DO - 10.1002/mrm.22801
M3 - Article
C2 - 21360588
VL - 66
SP - 528
EP - 537
JO - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
JF - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
SN - 0740-3194
IS - 2
ER -