TY - JOUR
T1 - Inter-firm R&D partnering in pharmaceutical biotechnology since 1975 : trends, patterns, and networks
AU - Roijakkers, A.H.W.M.
AU - Hagedoorn, J.
PY - 2006
Y1 - 2006
N2 - This paper analyses a large, longitudinal database on inter-firm R&D partnerships formed in the high-tech pharmaceutical biotechnology industry since 1975. Our research indicates an overall growth in the number of annually, newly established R&D partnerships where research partners consistently prefer contractual partnerships to equity-based alliances. In the networks that develop through these R&D partnerships, small, entrepreneurial biotechnological companies take a leading role during the 1980s when biotechnology first became relevant for the pharmaceutical industry. The 1990s, however, show a different pattern with established, large pharmaceutical companies becoming more dominant, acting as nodal players with multiple partnerships with a variety of other companies.
AB - This paper analyses a large, longitudinal database on inter-firm R&D partnerships formed in the high-tech pharmaceutical biotechnology industry since 1975. Our research indicates an overall growth in the number of annually, newly established R&D partnerships where research partners consistently prefer contractual partnerships to equity-based alliances. In the networks that develop through these R&D partnerships, small, entrepreneurial biotechnological companies take a leading role during the 1980s when biotechnology first became relevant for the pharmaceutical industry. The 1990s, however, show a different pattern with established, large pharmaceutical companies becoming more dominant, acting as nodal players with multiple partnerships with a variety of other companies.
U2 - 10.1016/j.respol.2006.01.006
DO - 10.1016/j.respol.2006.01.006
M3 - Article
SN - 0048-7333
VL - 35
SP - 431
EP - 446
JO - Research Policy
JF - Research Policy
IS - 3
ER -