Innovation junctions : office technologies in The Netherlands, 1880-1980

One striking aspect of the twentieth century is the rise of a number of organizationally and geographically distinct spaces - cities, factories, households, hospitals, harbors, supermarkets, airports, offices, to name some of them - as important sites for technology development. As the century progressed, the number of different technologies in simultaneous use in these spaces increased. This collocation of technologies encouraged various actors to develop mecanisms and arrangements by which they could coordinate the interaction of these technologies. Typically these actors also developed mediating technologies that facilitated and stimulated the interaction of different technologies.