Imaging Cardiovascular and Lung Macrophages With the Positron Emission Tomography Sensor 64Cu-Macrin in Mice, Rabbits, and Pigs

Matthias Nahrendorf (Corresponding author), Friedrich Felix Hoyer, Anu E. Meerwaldt, Mandy M.T. van Leent, Max L. Senders, Claudia Calcagno, Philip M. Robson, George Soultanidis, Carlos Pérez-Medina, Abraham J.P. Teunissen, Yohana C. Toner, Kiyotake Ishikawa, Kenneth Fish, Ken Sakurai, Esther M. van Leeuwen, Emma D. Klein, Alexandros Marios Sofias, Thomas Reiner, David Rohde, Aaron D. AguirreGregory Wojtkiewicz, Stephen Schmidt, Yoshiko Iwamoto, David Izquierdo-Garcia, Peter Caravan, Filip K. Swirski, Ralph Weissleder, Willem J.M. Mulder

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

37 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Macrophages, innate immune cells that reside in all organs, defend the host against infection and injury. In the heart and vasculature, inflammatory macrophages also enhance tissue damage and propel cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: We here use in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy to evaluate quantitative noninvasive assessment of cardiac, arterial, and pulmonary macrophages using the nanotracer 64Cu-Macrin-a 20-nm spherical dextran nanoparticle assembled from nontoxic polyglucose. RESULTS: PET imaging using 64Cu-Macrin faithfully reported accumulation of macrophages in the heart and lung of mice with myocardial infarction, sepsis, or pneumonia. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy detected the near-infrared fluorescent version of the nanoparticle (VT680Macrin) primarily in tissue macrophages. In 5-day-old mice, 64Cu-Macrin PET imaging quantified physiologically more numerous cardiac macrophages. Upon intravenous administration of 64Cu-Macrin in rabbits and pigs, we detected heightened macrophage numbers in the infarcted myocardium, inflamed lung regions, and atherosclerotic plaques using a clinical PET/magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Toxicity studies in rats and human dosimetry estimates suggest that 64Cu-Macrin is safe for use in humans. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results indicate 64Cu-Macrin could serve as a facile PET nanotracer to survey spatiotemporal macrophage dynamics during various physiological and pathological conditions. 64Cu-Macrin PET imaging could stage inflammatory cardiovascular disease activity, assist disease management, and serve as an imaging biomarker for emerging macrophage-targeted therapeutics.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere010586
Pages (from-to)e010586
JournalCirculation. Cardiovascular Imaging
Volume13
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Oct 2020

Keywords

  • heart
  • macrophages
  • myocardial infarction
  • nanoparticles
  • pneumonia

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