I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation

P.A.M. Ruijten; C.J.H. Midden; J.R.C. Ham

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37157-8_23

I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation

P.A.M. Ruijten, C.J.H. Midden, J.R.C. Ham

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

12 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Previous research has shown a link between gazing behavior and type of emotion felt. It appears that approach-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with a direct gaze, whereas avoidance-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with an averted gaze. In this study, we investigate whether this effect can be applied to persuasive social agents. We hypothesized that an approach-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with a direct gaze, whereas an avoidance-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with an averted gaze. This was tested with both an implicit categorization task and an explicit evaluation. The hypothesis was supported for angry expressions, but not for sad ones. Implications for further research and the design of effective persuasive agents are discussed.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Persuasive technology : 8th International Conference, PERSUASIVE 2013, Sydney, NSW, Australia, April 3-5, 2013. Proceedings
Editors	S. Berkovsky, J. Freyne
Place of Publication	Berlin
Publisher	Springer
Pages	192-197
ISBN (Print)	978-3-642-37156-1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37157-8_23
Publication status	Published - 2013
Event	8th International Conference on Persuasive Technology (PERSUASIVE 2013) - Sydney, Australia Duration: 3 Apr 2013 → 5 Apr 2013 Conference number: 8

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Volume	7822
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743

Conference

Conference	8th International Conference on Persuasive Technology (PERSUASIVE 2013)
Abbreviated title	PERSUASIVE 2013
Country/Territory	Australia
City	Sydney
Period	3/04/13 → 5/04/13

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10.1007/978-3-642-37157-8_23

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Ruijten, P. A. M., Midden, C. J. H., & Ham, J. R. C. (2013). I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation. In S. Berkovsky, & J. Freyne (Eds.), Persuasive technology : 8th International Conference, PERSUASIVE 2013, Sydney, NSW, Australia, April 3-5, 2013. Proceedings (pp. 192-197). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Vol. 7822). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37157-8_23

Ruijten, P.A.M. ; Midden, C.J.H. ; Ham, J.R.C. / I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation. Persuasive technology : 8th International Conference, PERSUASIVE 2013, Sydney, NSW, Australia, April 3-5, 2013. Proceedings. editor / S. Berkovsky ; J. Freyne. Berlin : Springer, 2013. pp. 192-197 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

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title = "I didn{\textquoteright}t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation",

abstract = "Previous research has shown a link between gazing behavior and type of emotion felt. It appears that approach-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with a direct gaze, whereas avoidance-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with an averted gaze. In this study, we investigate whether this effect can be applied to persuasive social agents. We hypothesized that an approach-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with a direct gaze, whereas an avoidance-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with an averted gaze. This was tested with both an implicit categorization task and an explicit evaluation. The hypothesis was supported for angry expressions, but not for sad ones. Implications for further research and the design of effective persuasive agents are discussed.",

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Ruijten, PAM, Midden, CJH & Ham, JRC 2013, I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation. in S Berkovsky & J Freyne (eds), Persuasive technology : 8th International Conference, PERSUASIVE 2013, Sydney, NSW, Australia, April 3-5, 2013. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7822, Springer, Berlin, pp. 192-197, 8th International Conference on Persuasive Technology (PERSUASIVE 2013), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 3/04/13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37157-8_23

I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation. / Ruijten, P.A.M.; Midden, C.J.H.; Ham, J.R.C.
Persuasive technology : 8th International Conference, PERSUASIVE 2013, Sydney, NSW, Australia, April 3-5, 2013. Proceedings. ed. / S. Berkovsky; J. Freyne. Berlin: Springer, 2013. p. 192-197 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Vol. 7822).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

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AB - Previous research has shown a link between gazing behavior and type of emotion felt. It appears that approach-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with a direct gaze, whereas avoidance-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with an averted gaze. In this study, we investigate whether this effect can be applied to persuasive social agents. We hypothesized that an approach-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with a direct gaze, whereas an avoidance-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with an averted gaze. This was tested with both an implicit categorization task and an explicit evaluation. The hypothesis was supported for angry expressions, but not for sad ones. Implications for further research and the design of effective persuasive agents are discussed.

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Ruijten PAM, Midden CJH, Ham JRC. I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation. In Berkovsky S, Freyne J, editors, Persuasive technology : 8th International Conference, PERSUASIVE 2013, Sydney, NSW, Australia, April 3-5, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin: Springer. 2013. p. 192-197. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-37157-8_23

I didn’t know that virtual agent was angry at me: Investigating effects of gaze direction on emotion recognition and evaluation

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