Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing

R.L.J. Eijk, van; A. Kuijsters; K.I. Dijkstra; W.A. IJsselsteijn

doi:10.1109/QOMEX.2010.5518040

Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing

R.L.J. Eijk, van, A. Kuijsters, K.I. Dijkstra, W.A. IJsselsteijn

Human Technology Interaction

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

2 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Gaze awareness and eye contact serve important functions in social interaction. In order to maintain those functions in 2D and 3D videoconferencing systems, human sensitivity to eye contact and gaze direction needs to be taken into account in the design of such systems. Here we experimentally investigate human perception of eye contact and gaze direction in 2D and 3D, using a within-subjects design. Our results indicate that the disparity between the optical axis of the camera and the looking direction of a looker (a photographed face) should be at most 1.2° in horizontal direction, and 1.7° in vertical direction to support eye contact. Maximum tolerable offsets for the perception of eye contact are independent of (monoscopic or stereoscopic) display conditions. Asymmetric sensitivity to eye contact is explained by the underestimation of the vertical component of a looker's gaze direction.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), June 21-23, Trondheim, Norway
Place of Publication	Piscataway
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Pages	76-81
ISBN (Print)	978-1-4244-6960-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/QOMEX.2010.5518040
Publication status	Published - 2010
Event	2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2010), June 21-23, 2010, Trondheim, Norway - Trondheim, Norway Duration: 21 Jun 2010 → 21 Jun 2010 http://q2s.ntnu.no/qomex2010/

Workshop

Workshop	2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2010), June 21-23, 2010, Trondheim, Norway
Abbreviated title	QoMEX 2010
Country/Territory	Norway
City	Trondheim
Period	21/06/10 → 21/06/10
Internet address	http://q2s.ntnu.no/qomex2010/

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10.1109/QOMEX.2010.5518040

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Eijk, van, R. L. J., Kuijsters, A., Dijkstra, K. I., & IJsselsteijn, W. A. (2010). Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), June 21-23, Trondheim, Norway (pp. 76-81). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/QOMEX.2010.5518040

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title = "Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing",

abstract = "Gaze awareness and eye contact serve important functions in social interaction. In order to maintain those functions in 2D and 3D videoconferencing systems, human sensitivity to eye contact and gaze direction needs to be taken into account in the design of such systems. Here we experimentally investigate human perception of eye contact and gaze direction in 2D and 3D, using a within-subjects design. Our results indicate that the disparity between the optical axis of the camera and the looking direction of a looker (a photographed face) should be at most 1.2° in horizontal direction, and 1.7° in vertical direction to support eye contact. Maximum tolerable offsets for the perception of eye contact are independent of (monoscopic or stereoscopic) display conditions. Asymmetric sensitivity to eye contact is explained by the underestimation of the vertical component of a looker's gaze direction.",

author = "{Eijk, van}, R.L.J. and A. Kuijsters and K.I. Dijkstra and W.A. IJsselsteijn",

year = "2010",

doi = "10.1109/QOMEX.2010.5518040",

language = "English",

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booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), June 21-23, Trondheim, Norway",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",

address = "United States",

note = "2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2010), June 21-23, 2010, Trondheim, Norway, QoMEX 2010 ; Conference date: 21-06-2010 Through 21-06-2010",

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}

Eijk, van, RLJ, Kuijsters, A, Dijkstra, KI & IJsselsteijn, WA 2010, Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing. in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), June 21-23, Trondheim, Norway. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, pp. 76-81, 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2010), June 21-23, 2010, Trondheim, Norway, Trondheim, Norway, 21/06/10. https://doi.org/10.1109/QOMEX.2010.5518040

Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing. / Eijk, van, R.L.J.; Kuijsters, A.; Dijkstra, K.I. et al.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), June 21-23, Trondheim, Norway. Piscataway: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2010. p. 76-81.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing

AU - Eijk, van, R.L.J.

AU - Kuijsters, A.

AU - Dijkstra, K.I.

AU - IJsselsteijn, W.A.

PY - 2010

Y1 - 2010

N2 - Gaze awareness and eye contact serve important functions in social interaction. In order to maintain those functions in 2D and 3D videoconferencing systems, human sensitivity to eye contact and gaze direction needs to be taken into account in the design of such systems. Here we experimentally investigate human perception of eye contact and gaze direction in 2D and 3D, using a within-subjects design. Our results indicate that the disparity between the optical axis of the camera and the looking direction of a looker (a photographed face) should be at most 1.2° in horizontal direction, and 1.7° in vertical direction to support eye contact. Maximum tolerable offsets for the perception of eye contact are independent of (monoscopic or stereoscopic) display conditions. Asymmetric sensitivity to eye contact is explained by the underestimation of the vertical component of a looker's gaze direction.

AB - Gaze awareness and eye contact serve important functions in social interaction. In order to maintain those functions in 2D and 3D videoconferencing systems, human sensitivity to eye contact and gaze direction needs to be taken into account in the design of such systems. Here we experimentally investigate human perception of eye contact and gaze direction in 2D and 3D, using a within-subjects design. Our results indicate that the disparity between the optical axis of the camera and the looking direction of a looker (a photographed face) should be at most 1.2° in horizontal direction, and 1.7° in vertical direction to support eye contact. Maximum tolerable offsets for the perception of eye contact are independent of (monoscopic or stereoscopic) display conditions. Asymmetric sensitivity to eye contact is explained by the underestimation of the vertical component of a looker's gaze direction.

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DO - 10.1109/QOMEX.2010.5518040

M3 - Conference contribution

SN - 978-1-4244-6960-4

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BT - Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), June 21-23, Trondheim, Norway

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

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T2 - 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2010), June 21-23, 2010, Trondheim, Norway

Y2 - 21 June 2010 through 21 June 2010

ER -

Human sensitivity to eye contact in 2D and 3D videoconferencing

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