How to study transition problems: a systematic review and methodological assessment

Transition problems have been investigated by means of various methodologies and analytical frameworks. After more than 15 years’ experience in transition studies, there is now a definite need to elaborate and evaluate the efficacy of the methods used. Drawing on a systematic review, we focus on papers about transition problems in the following journals: Energy Policy, Research Policy, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, and Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. The papers are reviewed with regard to the following issues: (1) research questions and/or transition problems, (2) analytical frameworks, (3) ontological assumptions, (4) quantitative and qualitative research methods and strategies, and (5) data sources and data collection methods. Finally, we discuss the key findings and propose guidelines for how to improve the outcomes and benefits of transition analysis using the concept of wickedness.