Highly efficient and stable semi‐transparent p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic Layer Deposited ZnO

Mehrdad Najafi, V. Zardetto, D. Zhang, D. Koushik, Maarten S. Dorenkamper, M. Creatore, Ronn Andriessen, Paul Poodt, S. Veenstra

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The replacement of the conventional top metal contact with a semi‐transparent conducting electrode such as sputtered indium‐tin oxide (ITO) is strictly required to adopt the perovskite solar cell (PSC) in hybrid tandem photovoltaic applications. In order to prevent sputtering damages on the perovskite absorber and the organic materials adopted in p‐i‐n planar architecture, an atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposited (s‐ALD) ZnO buffer layer has been included. The use of a 45 nm thick s‐ALD layer enables the fabrication of a PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.7%, with a similar PCE when illuminated from the ITO/s‐ALD ZnO side. When adopted in a four terminal configuration with a c‐Si solar cell (PCE of 18.6%), a 2.5% absolute PCE gain is observed with respect to the stand alone c‐Si. Finally, the semi‐transparent PSC shows an excellent shelf life, and only −4% degradation on the tracked maximum power point when encapsulated and aged at 65 °C in an inert atmosphere after 1500 h.
Original languageEnglish
Article number1800147
Number of pages7
JournalSolar RRL
Volume2
Issue number10
Early online date23 Aug 2018
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Oct 2018

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atmospheric pressure
solar cells
inert atmosphere
oxides
organic materials
electric contacts
absorbers
buffers
sputtering
degradation
damage
conduction
life (durability)
fabrication
electrodes
configurations
metals

Cite this

Najafi, Mehrdad ; Zardetto, V. ; Zhang, D. ; Koushik, D. ; Dorenkamper, Maarten S. ; Creatore, M. ; Andriessen, Ronn ; Poodt, Paul ; Veenstra, S. / Highly efficient and stable semi‐transparent p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic Layer Deposited ZnO. In: Solar RRL. 2018 ; Vol. 2, No. 10.
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title = "Highly efficient and stable semi‐transparent p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic Layer Deposited ZnO",
abstract = "The replacement of the conventional top metal contact with a semi‐transparent conducting electrode such as sputtered indium‐tin oxide (ITO) is strictly required to adopt the perovskite solar cell (PSC) in hybrid tandem photovoltaic applications. In order to prevent sputtering damages on the perovskite absorber and the organic materials adopted in p‐i‐n planar architecture, an atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposited (s‐ALD) ZnO buffer layer has been included. The use of a 45 nm thick s‐ALD layer enables the fabrication of a PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.7{\%}, with a similar PCE when illuminated from the ITO/s‐ALD ZnO side. When adopted in a four terminal configuration with a c‐Si solar cell (PCE of 18.6{\%}), a 2.5{\%} absolute PCE gain is observed with respect to the stand alone c‐Si. Finally, the semi‐transparent PSC shows an excellent shelf life, and only −4{\%} degradation on the tracked maximum power point when encapsulated and aged at 65 °C in an inert atmosphere after 1500 h.",
author = "Mehrdad Najafi and V. Zardetto and D. Zhang and D. Koushik and Dorenkamper, {Maarten S.} and M. Creatore and Ronn Andriessen and Paul Poodt and S. Veenstra",
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Najafi, M, Zardetto, V, Zhang, D, Koushik, D, Dorenkamper, MS, Creatore, M, Andriessen, R, Poodt, P & Veenstra, S 2018, 'Highly efficient and stable semi‐transparent p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic Layer Deposited ZnO', Solar RRL, vol. 2, no. 10, 1800147. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800147

Highly efficient and stable semi‐transparent p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic Layer Deposited ZnO. / Najafi, Mehrdad; Zardetto, V.; Zhang, D.; Koushik, D.; Dorenkamper, Maarten S.; Creatore, M.; Andriessen, Ronn; Poodt, Paul; Veenstra, S.

In: Solar RRL, Vol. 2, No. 10, 1800147, 01.10.2018.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Highly efficient and stable semi‐transparent p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic Layer Deposited ZnO

AU - Najafi, Mehrdad

AU - Zardetto, V.

AU - Zhang, D.

AU - Koushik, D.

AU - Dorenkamper, Maarten S.

AU - Creatore, M.

AU - Andriessen, Ronn

AU - Poodt, Paul

AU - Veenstra, S.

PY - 2018/10/1

Y1 - 2018/10/1

N2 - The replacement of the conventional top metal contact with a semi‐transparent conducting electrode such as sputtered indium‐tin oxide (ITO) is strictly required to adopt the perovskite solar cell (PSC) in hybrid tandem photovoltaic applications. In order to prevent sputtering damages on the perovskite absorber and the organic materials adopted in p‐i‐n planar architecture, an atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposited (s‐ALD) ZnO buffer layer has been included. The use of a 45 nm thick s‐ALD layer enables the fabrication of a PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.7%, with a similar PCE when illuminated from the ITO/s‐ALD ZnO side. When adopted in a four terminal configuration with a c‐Si solar cell (PCE of 18.6%), a 2.5% absolute PCE gain is observed with respect to the stand alone c‐Si. Finally, the semi‐transparent PSC shows an excellent shelf life, and only −4% degradation on the tracked maximum power point when encapsulated and aged at 65 °C in an inert atmosphere after 1500 h.

AB - The replacement of the conventional top metal contact with a semi‐transparent conducting electrode such as sputtered indium‐tin oxide (ITO) is strictly required to adopt the perovskite solar cell (PSC) in hybrid tandem photovoltaic applications. In order to prevent sputtering damages on the perovskite absorber and the organic materials adopted in p‐i‐n planar architecture, an atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposited (s‐ALD) ZnO buffer layer has been included. The use of a 45 nm thick s‐ALD layer enables the fabrication of a PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.7%, with a similar PCE when illuminated from the ITO/s‐ALD ZnO side. When adopted in a four terminal configuration with a c‐Si solar cell (PCE of 18.6%), a 2.5% absolute PCE gain is observed with respect to the stand alone c‐Si. Finally, the semi‐transparent PSC shows an excellent shelf life, and only −4% degradation on the tracked maximum power point when encapsulated and aged at 65 °C in an inert atmosphere after 1500 h.

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DO - 10.1002/solr.201800147

M3 - Article

VL - 2

JO - Solar RRL

JF - Solar RRL

SN - 2367-198X

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M1 - 1800147

ER -

Najafi M, Zardetto V, Zhang D, Koushik D, Dorenkamper MS, Creatore M et al. Highly efficient and stable semi‐transparent p‐i‐n planar perovskite solar cells by atmospheric pressure spatial atomic Layer Deposited ZnO. Solar RRL. 2018 Oct 1;2(10). 1800147. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800147

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