High-speed formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence and schlieren to assess influences of injection pressure and oxygen concentration on Spray A flames

Hyung Sub Sim; Noud Maes; Lyle M. Pickett; Scott A. Skeen; Julien Manin

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112806

High-speed formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence and schlieren to assess influences of injection pressure and oxygen concentration on Spray A flames

Hyung Sub Sim (Corresponding author), Noud Maes, Lyle M. Pickett, Scott A. Skeen, Julien Manin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of injection pressure and ambient oxygen concentration variations on the Engine Combustion Network Spray A flame. The two-stage ignition and combustion processes for individual injections are characterized using a high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and schlieren imaging diagnostic at high pressure (near 6 MPa). For PLIF measurements, we use a pulse-burst-mode Nd:YAG laser capable of producing a 6 ms long 355-nm pulse-train with 300 pulses at 70 mJ/pulse, separated by 20 µs. The PLIF imaging at high-acquisition rate offers unique insights into understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of formaldehyde (CH₂O) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). High-speed line-of-sight schlieren with a pulsed infrared light emitting diode (LED) is applied simultaneously with PLIF to visualize the spray penetration, low- and high-temperature ignition, and turbulent flame dynamics, while in-vessel pressure is used in concert with the optical diagnostics to assess the ignition delay time of the high-temperature ignition events. The PLIF and line-of-sight measurements, documenting the position and timing for formation and consumption of CH₂O and the inception and distribution of PAH downstream with changes in ambient oxygen concentration and injection pressure, provide a unique database for detailed evaluation of single-event (e.g. LES) or ensemble-average CFD.

Original language	English
Article number	112806
Number of pages	16
Journal	Combustion and Flame
Volume	253
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112806
Publication status	Published - Jul 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The work has been performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. The authors would like to acknowledge Lukas Weiss, Dave Cicone, Keith Penny, Nathan Harry, and Aaron Czeszynski for their dedicated support to the research facility as well as their assistance with this study. This Article has been authored by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC . under contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration. The United States Government retains and Elsevier, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Hyung Sub Sim also acknowledges the funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1F1A1071759 ) and from the Future Space Education Center ( 2022M1A3C2074404 , Future Space Navigation and Satellite Technology Research Center ) by the Ministry of Science and ICT in 2022.

Funding

The work has been performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. The authors would like to acknowledge Lukas Weiss, Dave Cicone, Keith Penny, Nathan Harry, and Aaron Czeszynski for their dedicated support to the research facility as well as their assistance with this study. This Article has been authored by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC . under contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration. The United States Government retains and Elsevier, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Hyung Sub Sim also acknowledges the funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1F1A1071759 ) and from the Future Space Education Center ( 2022M1A3C2074404 , Future Space Navigation and Satellite Technology Research Center ) by the Ministry of Science and ICT in 2022. The work has been performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. The authors would like to acknowledge Lukas Weiss, Dave Cicone, Keith Penny, Nathan Harry, and Aaron Czeszynski for their dedicated support to the research facility as well as their assistance with this study. This Article has been authored by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC. under contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration. The United States Government retains and Elsevier, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Hyung Sub Sim also acknowledges the funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1F1A1071759) and from the Future Space Education Center (2022M1A3C2074404, Future Space Navigation and Satellite Technology Research Center) by the Ministry of Science and ICT in 2022.

Keywords

Diesel combustion
High-speed formaldehyde PLIF
Schlieren imaging
Spray combustion

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title = "High-speed formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence and schlieren to assess influences of injection pressure and oxygen concentration on Spray A flames",

abstract = "The present study investigates the effect of injection pressure and ambient oxygen concentration variations on the Engine Combustion Network Spray A flame. The two-stage ignition and combustion processes for individual injections are characterized using a high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and schlieren imaging diagnostic at high pressure (near 6 MPa). For PLIF measurements, we use a pulse-burst-mode Nd:YAG laser capable of producing a 6 ms long 355-nm pulse-train with 300 pulses at 70 mJ/pulse, separated by 20 µs. The PLIF imaging at high-acquisition rate offers unique insights into understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of formaldehyde (CH2O) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). High-speed line-of-sight schlieren with a pulsed infrared light emitting diode (LED) is applied simultaneously with PLIF to visualize the spray penetration, low- and high-temperature ignition, and turbulent flame dynamics, while in-vessel pressure is used in concert with the optical diagnostics to assess the ignition delay time of the high-temperature ignition events. The PLIF and line-of-sight measurements, documenting the position and timing for formation and consumption of CH2O and the inception and distribution of PAH downstream with changes in ambient oxygen concentration and injection pressure, provide a unique database for detailed evaluation of single-event (e.g. LES) or ensemble-average CFD.",

keywords = "Diesel combustion, High-speed formaldehyde PLIF, Schlieren imaging, Spray combustion",

author = "Sim, {Hyung Sub} and Noud Maes and Pickett, {Lyle M.} and Skeen, {Scott A.} and Julien Manin",

note = "Funding Information: The work has been performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. The authors would like to acknowledge Lukas Weiss, Dave Cicone, Keith Penny, Nathan Harry, and Aaron Czeszynski for their dedicated support to the research facility as well as their assistance with this study. This Article has been authored by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC . under contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration. The United States Government retains and Elsevier, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Hyung Sub Sim also acknowledges the funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1F1A1071759 ) and from the Future Space Education Center ( 2022M1A3C2074404 , Future Space Navigation and Satellite Technology Research Center ) by the Ministry of Science and ICT in 2022.",

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language = "English",

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journal = "Combustion and Flame",

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AU - Sim, Hyung Sub

AU - Maes, Noud

AU - Pickett, Lyle M.

AU - Skeen, Scott A.

AU - Manin, Julien

N1 - Funding Information: The work has been performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. The authors would like to acknowledge Lukas Weiss, Dave Cicone, Keith Penny, Nathan Harry, and Aaron Czeszynski for their dedicated support to the research facility as well as their assistance with this study. This Article has been authored by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC . under contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration. The United States Government retains and Elsevier, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Hyung Sub Sim also acknowledges the funding from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1F1A1071759 ) and from the Future Space Education Center ( 2022M1A3C2074404 , Future Space Navigation and Satellite Technology Research Center ) by the Ministry of Science and ICT in 2022.

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N2 - The present study investigates the effect of injection pressure and ambient oxygen concentration variations on the Engine Combustion Network Spray A flame. The two-stage ignition and combustion processes for individual injections are characterized using a high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and schlieren imaging diagnostic at high pressure (near 6 MPa). For PLIF measurements, we use a pulse-burst-mode Nd:YAG laser capable of producing a 6 ms long 355-nm pulse-train with 300 pulses at 70 mJ/pulse, separated by 20 µs. The PLIF imaging at high-acquisition rate offers unique insights into understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of formaldehyde (CH2O) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). High-speed line-of-sight schlieren with a pulsed infrared light emitting diode (LED) is applied simultaneously with PLIF to visualize the spray penetration, low- and high-temperature ignition, and turbulent flame dynamics, while in-vessel pressure is used in concert with the optical diagnostics to assess the ignition delay time of the high-temperature ignition events. The PLIF and line-of-sight measurements, documenting the position and timing for formation and consumption of CH2O and the inception and distribution of PAH downstream with changes in ambient oxygen concentration and injection pressure, provide a unique database for detailed evaluation of single-event (e.g. LES) or ensemble-average CFD.

AB - The present study investigates the effect of injection pressure and ambient oxygen concentration variations on the Engine Combustion Network Spray A flame. The two-stage ignition and combustion processes for individual injections are characterized using a high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and schlieren imaging diagnostic at high pressure (near 6 MPa). For PLIF measurements, we use a pulse-burst-mode Nd:YAG laser capable of producing a 6 ms long 355-nm pulse-train with 300 pulses at 70 mJ/pulse, separated by 20 µs. The PLIF imaging at high-acquisition rate offers unique insights into understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of formaldehyde (CH2O) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). High-speed line-of-sight schlieren with a pulsed infrared light emitting diode (LED) is applied simultaneously with PLIF to visualize the spray penetration, low- and high-temperature ignition, and turbulent flame dynamics, while in-vessel pressure is used in concert with the optical diagnostics to assess the ignition delay time of the high-temperature ignition events. The PLIF and line-of-sight measurements, documenting the position and timing for formation and consumption of CH2O and the inception and distribution of PAH downstream with changes in ambient oxygen concentration and injection pressure, provide a unique database for detailed evaluation of single-event (e.g. LES) or ensemble-average CFD.

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KW - High-speed formaldehyde PLIF

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KW - Spray combustion

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High-speed formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence and schlieren to assess influences of injection pressure and oxygen concentration on Spray A flames

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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