Gas switching as a practical alternative for scale-up of chemical looping combustion

Gas-fueled chemical looping combustion (CLC) requires high-pressure operation to achieve competitive electric efficiencies. This work evaluates and compares two reactor concepts specially designed to reduce scaleup challenges under pressurized conditions: packed-bed chemical looping combustion (PBCLC) and fluidized-bed gas switching combustion (GSC). These concepts keep the oxygen carrier in a single dynamically operated reactor alternatively fed with air and fuel. Both concepts have been experimentally demonstrated and shown to achieve competitive performance in terms of electrical efficiency and CO2 avoidance. However, the PBCLC concept holds the greatest fundamental promise due to its behavior as a plug flow reactor. Substantial further material development and testing will be required to realize this potential. The GSC concept does not face such material-related challenges, but requires reactor or plant modifications to achieve a performance that is competitive with the PBCLC concept.