Abstract
We introduce two new concepts of convergence of gradient systems (Q, Eε, Rε) to a limiting gradient system (Q, E, R). These new concepts are called ‘EDP convergence with tilting’ and ‘contact–EDP convergence with tilting.’ Both are based on the energy-dissipation-principle (EDP) formulation of solutions of gradient systems and can be seen as refinements of the Gamma-convergence for gradient flows first introduced by Sandier and Serfaty. The two new concepts are constructed in order to avoid the ‘unnatural’ limiting gradient structures that sometimes arise as limits in EDP convergence. EDP convergence with tilting is a strengthening of EDP convergence by requiring EDP convergence for a full family of ‘tilted’ copies of (Q, Eε, Rε). It avoids unnatural limiting gradient structures, but many interesting systems are non-convergent according to this concept. Contact–EDP convergence with tilting is a relaxation of EDP convergence with tilting and still avoids unnatural limits but applies to a broader class of sequences (Q, Eε, Rε). In this paper, we define these concepts, study their properties, and connect them with classical EDP convergence. We illustrate the different concepts on a number of test problems.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 611–637 |
Number of pages | 27 |
Journal | Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics |
Volume | 33 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - May 2021 |
Funding
The research of A. Mielke has been partially funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Collaborative Research Center SFB 1114 “Scaling Cascades in Complex Systems” (Project No. 235221301), Subproject C05 “Effective models for materials and interfaces with multiple scales”.
Keywords
- Energy-dissipation principle
- Evolutionary Gamma-convergence
- Generalized gradient systems
- Large deviations
- Variational evolution