Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes

J. Smedley; S.G. Schubert; J. Xie; M. Ruiz-Osës; X. Liang; E.M. Muller; H.A. Padmore; J. Wong; S. Hulbert; A.M.M.G. Theulings; S.X. Tao; H. van der Graaf

doi:10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244

Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes

J. Smedley, S.G. Schubert, J. Xie, M. Ruiz-Osës, X. Liang, E.M. Muller, H.A. Padmore, J. Wong, S. Hulbert, A.M.M.G. Theulings, S.X. Tao, H. van der Graaf

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Timed Photon Counter 'Tipsy' detector relies on electron-emitting thin films for generation of primary electrons from a photocathode and the subsequent amplification via SiN dynodes. Both of these films represent materials challenges, and both are being investigated using synchrotrons to optimize their performance. For the dynodes, a program of soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to measure the performance of the films and to understand film stoichiometry and the effects of surface termination. The secondary electron yield is estimated by measuring the low energy tail of the XPS spectrum and comparing it to the rate of high energy electron emission. For photocathodes, time resolved x-ray analysis during growth has provided insight into the formation chemistry of these materials. This has allowed optimization beyond Quantum Efficiency (QE) to produce cathodes which are far less rough than traditional alkali antimonides, while retaining reasonable QE.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 8-15 November 2014, Seattle, Washington
Place of Publication	Piscataway
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Pages	1-4
Number of pages	4
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-4799-6097-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244
Publication status	Published - 2014
Externally published	Yes
Event	2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) - Seattle, United States Duration: 8 Nov 2014 → 15 Nov 2014

Conference

Conference	2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)
Country/Territory	United States
City	Seattle
Period	8/11/14 → 15/11/14

Access to Document

10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244

Cite this

Smedley, J., Schubert, S. G., Xie, J., Ruiz-Osës, M., Liang, X., Muller, E. M., Padmore, H. A., Wong, J., Hulbert, S., Theulings, A. M. M. G., Tao, S. X., & van der Graaf, H. (2014). Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes. In 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 8-15 November 2014, Seattle, Washington (pp. 1-4). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244

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title = "Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes",

abstract = "The Timed Photon Counter 'Tipsy' detector relies on electron-emitting thin films for generation of primary electrons from a photocathode and the subsequent amplification via SiN dynodes. Both of these films represent materials challenges, and both are being investigated using synchrotrons to optimize their performance. For the dynodes, a program of soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to measure the performance of the films and to understand film stoichiometry and the effects of surface termination. The secondary electron yield is estimated by measuring the low energy tail of the XPS spectrum and comparing it to the rate of high energy electron emission. For photocathodes, time resolved x-ray analysis during growth has provided insight into the formation chemistry of these materials. This has allowed optimization beyond Quantum Efficiency (QE) to produce cathodes which are far less rough than traditional alkali antimonides, while retaining reasonable QE.",

author = "J. Smedley and S.G. Schubert and J. Xie and M. Ruiz-Os{\"e}s and X. Liang and E.M. Muller and H.A. Padmore and J. Wong and S. Hulbert and A.M.M.G. Theulings and S.X. Tao and {van der Graaf}, H.",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244",

language = "English",

pages = "1--4",

booktitle = "2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 8-15 November 2014, Seattle, Washington",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",

address = "United States",

note = "2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) ; Conference date: 08-11-2014 Through 15-11-2014",

}

Smedley, J, Schubert, SG, Xie, J, Ruiz-Osës, M, Liang, X, Muller, EM, Padmore, HA, Wong, J, Hulbert, S, Theulings, AMMG, Tao, SX & van der Graaf, H 2014, Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes. in 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 8-15 November 2014, Seattle, Washington. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, pp. 1-4, 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), Seattle, Washington, United States, 8/11/14. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244

Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes. / Smedley, J.; Schubert, S.G.; Xie, J. et al.
2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 8-15 November 2014, Seattle, Washington. Piscataway: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2014. p. 1-4.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes

AU - Smedley, J.

AU - Schubert, S.G.

AU - Xie, J.

AU - Ruiz-Osës, M.

AU - Liang, X.

AU - Muller, E.M.

AU - Padmore, H.A.

AU - Wong, J.

AU - Hulbert, S.

AU - Theulings, A.M.M.G.

AU - Tao, S.X.

AU - van der Graaf, H.

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - The Timed Photon Counter 'Tipsy' detector relies on electron-emitting thin films for generation of primary electrons from a photocathode and the subsequent amplification via SiN dynodes. Both of these films represent materials challenges, and both are being investigated using synchrotrons to optimize their performance. For the dynodes, a program of soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to measure the performance of the films and to understand film stoichiometry and the effects of surface termination. The secondary electron yield is estimated by measuring the low energy tail of the XPS spectrum and comparing it to the rate of high energy electron emission. For photocathodes, time resolved x-ray analysis during growth has provided insight into the formation chemistry of these materials. This has allowed optimization beyond Quantum Efficiency (QE) to produce cathodes which are far less rough than traditional alkali antimonides, while retaining reasonable QE.

AB - The Timed Photon Counter 'Tipsy' detector relies on electron-emitting thin films for generation of primary electrons from a photocathode and the subsequent amplification via SiN dynodes. Both of these films represent materials challenges, and both are being investigated using synchrotrons to optimize their performance. For the dynodes, a program of soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to measure the performance of the films and to understand film stoichiometry and the effects of surface termination. The secondary electron yield is estimated by measuring the low energy tail of the XPS spectrum and comparing it to the rate of high energy electron emission. For photocathodes, time resolved x-ray analysis during growth has provided insight into the formation chemistry of these materials. This has allowed optimization beyond Quantum Efficiency (QE) to produce cathodes which are far less rough than traditional alkali antimonides, while retaining reasonable QE.

U2 - 10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244

DO - 10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431244

M3 - Conference contribution

SP - 1

EP - 4

BT - 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 8-15 November 2014, Seattle, Washington

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

CY - Piscataway

T2 - 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)

Y2 - 8 November 2014 through 15 November 2014

ER -

Electron emission processes in photocathodes and dynodes

Abstract

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