Electrodeionization 3: The removal nickel from dilute solution

The removal of nickel ions from dilute solutions using a process that combines an ion-exchange bed with electrodialysis has been studied. The main aspects include: the concentration of nickel ions in the diluate, the voltage over the cell and the current density distribution along the ion-exchange bed. The current density distribution provides insight into the state of the bed as it is simultaneously loaded with Ni2+ and regenerated with an electric potential difference applied perpendicular to it. A simple model is used to describe the state of the bed and the quantity of nickel removed from it as a function of time. Under specific conditions the precipitation of metal hydroxides is observed in the compartment containing the ion-exchange bed. The results show that hydroxide precipitation is related to the nickel concentration in solution and the electric potential gradient across the bed.