Effect of bending flexibility on the phase behavior and dynamics of rods

We study by means of molecular and Brownian dynamics simulations the influence of bending flexibility on the phase behavior and dynamics of monodisperse hard filamentous particles with an aspect ratio of 8 and persistence lengths equal to 3 and 11 times the particle length. Although our particles are much shorter, the latter corresponds to the values for wild-type and mutant fd virus particles that have been subject of a recent experimental study, where the diffusion of these particles in the nematic and smectic-A phase was investigated by means of video fluorescence microscopy [E. Pouget, E. Grelet, and M. P. Lettinga, Phys. Rev. E84, 041704 (2011)]. In agreement with theoretical predictions and simulations, we find that for the more flexible particles (shorter persistence length) the nematic (N) to smectic-A (Sm-A) phase transition shifts to larger values of the particle density. Interestingly, we find that for the more rigid particles (larger persistence length), the smectic layer-to-layer distance decreases monotonically with increasing density, whereas for the more flexible ones, it first increases, reaches a maximum and then decreases. For our more flexible particles, we find a smectic-B phase at sufficiently high densities. Moreover, in line with experimental observations and theoretical predictions, we find heterogeneous dynamics in the Sm-A phase, in which particles hop between the smectic layers. We compare the diffusion of our two types of particle at identical values of smectic order parameter, and find that flexibility does not change the diffusive behavior of particles along the director yet significantly slows down the diffusion perpendicular to it. In our simulations, the ratio of diffusion constants along and perpendicular to the director decreases just beyond the N-Sm-A phase transition for both our stiff and more flexible particles.