Direct Observation of Sub-Poissonian Temporal Statistics in a Continuous Free Electron Beam with Sub-picosecond Resolution

Simona Borrelli; Tim C.H. de Raadt; S.B. (Bas) van der Geer; Peter H.A. Mutsaers; K.A.H. (Ton) van Leeuwen; O.J. Luiten

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.115001

Direct Observation of Sub-Poissonian Temporal Statistics in a Continuous Free Electron Beam with Sub-picosecond Resolution

Simona Borrelli (Corresponding author), Tim C.H. de Raadt, S.B. (Bas) van der Geer, Peter H.A. Mutsaers, K.A.H. (Ton) van Leeuwen, O.J. Luiten

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Abstract

We present a novel method to measure the arrival time statistics of continuous electron beams with sub-ps resolution, based on the combination of an RF deflection cavity and fast single electron imaging. We observe Poissonian statistics within time bins from 100~ns to 2~ns and increasingly pronounced sub-Poissonian statistics as the time bin decreases from 2~ps to 340~fs. This 2D streak-camera in principle enables femtosecond-level arrival time measurements, paving the way to observing Pauli blocking effects in electron beams and thus serving as an essential diagnostic tool towards degenerate electron beam sources for free electron quantum optics.

Original language	English
Article number	115001
Number of pages	6
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	132
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.115001
Publication status	Published - 15 Mar 2024

Funding

We are deeply grateful to Hein van den Heuvel and Harry van Doorn for their invaluable assistance in setting up the experiment and their prompt resolution of last-minute electronic challenges. Our heartfelt appreciation also goes to Stefan Kempers, Jim Franssen, and Erik Kieft for the enlightening discussions, constant support, and invaluable suggestions. O. L. conceived the original idea. S. B., T. R., P. M., K. L., and O. L. collectively designed the experimental setup, established the analysis procedure, and explored the theoretical framework. T. R. configured the Timepix3 detector for measurements and developed the data acquisition software. S. B. conducted preparatory simulations, analytically derived the fitting function, and prepared the microscope for the experiment. S. B. and T. R. jointly conducted the experiment, performed the data analysis, and generated the plots. S. B. and S. G. performed the simulative study in gpt . S. B. wrote the Letter, incorporating valuable inputs from all coauthors. This publication is part of the project Dynamic Phase Space Shaping for Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy (DPSS, Project No. 741.018.302) of the research program ENW PPS-fonds (NWO-IPP), which is financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Funders	Funder number
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.115001

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.09248

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abstract = "We present a novel method to measure the arrival time statistics of continuous electron beams with sub-ps resolution, based on the combination of an RF deflection cavity and fast single electron imaging. We observe Poissonian statistics within time bins from 100~ns to 2~ns and increasingly pronounced sub-Poissonian statistics as the time bin decreases from 2~ps to 340~fs. This 2D streak-camera in principle enables femtosecond-level arrival time measurements, paving the way to observing Pauli blocking effects in electron beams and thus serving as an essential diagnostic tool towards degenerate electron beam sources for free electron quantum optics.",

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AU - Mutsaers, Peter H.A.

AU - van Leeuwen, K.A.H. (Ton)

AU - Luiten, O.J.

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Direct Observation of Sub-Poissonian Temporal Statistics in a Continuous Free Electron Beam with Sub-picosecond Resolution

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