DEM simulations of the DI toner assembly

This paper describes the modeling of the toner behavior in the development nip of the Oce Direct Imaging print process. The discrete element method is used as the simulation tool for a quantitative description of the system. The interaction rules and the associated parameters are determined for the toner particles and the surfaces of the development rollers. The model is validated with print quality results. It is shown that it is possible to achieve quantitative agreement between OEM simulations and experimental print quality results.