Degradation mechanisms of the graphite electrode in C6/LiFePO4 batteries unraveled by a non-destructive approach

D. Li, D.L. Danilov, L. Gao, Yong Yang, P. Notten

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

47 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

C6/LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries have been cycled at various temperatures (20 and 60◦C) and State-of-Charge (SoC) ranges (0–30, 35–65, 70–100% and 0–100%). Electromotive force (emf) curves have regularly been determined by regression extrapolation of the measured voltage discharge curves. A non-destructive approach to quantitatively determine the graphite electrode decay has been proposed on the basis of dVEMF/dQ curves. It is concluded that the graphite inaccessibility is more pronounced at lower SoC (0–30%) than at higher SoC. The graphite electrode decay at 35–65%, 70–100% and 0–100% is identified to be negligible at moderated temperatures but becomes significant at elevated temperatures. The graphite electrode degradation has been confirmed by XPS and Raman spectroscopy, supporting the conclusions drawn from the dVEMF/dQ results. A model is proposed to explain the various graphite degradation mechanisms.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)A3016-A3021
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of the Electrochemical Society
Volume163
Issue number14
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 9 Nov 2016

Keywords

  • Li-ion batteries
  • iron-phosphate
  • ageing
  • Non-Destructive
  • graphite
  • analysis

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