Contactless Camera-Based Sleep Staging: The HealthBed Study

Fokke van Meulen (Corresponding author), Angela Grassi, Leonie van den Heuvel, Sebastiaan Overeem, Merel M. van Gilst, Johannes van Dijk, Henning Maass, M.J.H. van Gastel, Pedro Fonseca

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

17 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Polysomnography (PSG) remains the gold standard for sleep monitoring but is obtrusive in nature. Advances in camera sensor technology and data analysis techniques enable contactless monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV). In turn, this may allow remote assessment of sleep stages, as different HRV metrics indirectly reflect the expression of sleep stages. We evaluated a camera-based remote photoplethysmography (PPG) setup to perform automated classification of sleep stages in near darkness. Based on the contactless measurement of pulse rate variability, we use a previously developed HRV-based algorithm for 3 and 4-class sleep stage classification. Performance was evaluated on data of 46 healthy participants obtained from simultaneous overnight recording of PSG and camera-based remote PPG. To validate the results and for benchmarking purposes, the same algorithm was used to classify sleep stages based on the corresponding ECG data. Compared to manually scored PSG, the remote PPG-based algorithm achieved moderate agreement on both 3 class (Wake–N1/N2/N3–REM) and 4 class (Wake–N1/N2–N3–REM) classification, with average κ of 0.58 and 0.49 and accuracy of 81% and 68%, respectively. This is in range with other performance metrics reported on sensing technologies for wearable sleep staging, showing the potential of video-based non-contact sleep staging.

Keywords: remote photoplethysmography; heart rate variability; pulse rate variability; sleep stage classification; contactless monitoring
Translated title of the contributionContactloze op camera gebaseerde slaap stadiering: De HealthBed studie
Original languageEnglish
Article number109
Number of pages15
JournalBioengineering
Volume10
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 12 Jan 2023

Keywords

  • contactless monitoring
  • heart rate variability
  • pulse rate variability
  • remote photoplethysmography
  • sleep stage classification

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