Collective spontaneous emission in coupled quantum dots : physical mechanism of quantum nanoantenna

We investigate the collective spontaneous emission in a system of two identical quantum dots (QDs) strongly coupled through the dipole-dipole (d-d) interaction. The QDs are modeled as two-level quantum objects, while the d-d interaction is described as the exchange of a virtual photon through the photonic reservoir. The master equation approach is used in the analysis. The main attention is focused on antenna characteristics of the two-QD system—the radiation intensity dependence on the meridian and azimuthal angles of observation. We show that the radiation pattern of such a system is nonstationary and its temporal behavior depends on the initial quantum state. In particular, for entangled initial states the radiative pattern exhibits oscillations on the frequency which corresponds to the d-d interaction energy. We also analyze spectral properties of the directional diagram. The comparison of radiation patterns is carried out for two QDs and two classical dipoles. The concept of quantum nanoantenna is proposed based on collective spontaneous emission in QD ensembles.